Peringatan Keamanan

It is thought to cause flushing, hypotension and abdominal pain.T67

Xanthinol

DB09092

small molecule approved withdrawn

Deskripsi

Xanthinol is a very potent water-soluble derivative of niacin that can be found in diet supplements. It is also known as xanthinol nicotinate. ^L1079 Xaninthol is known to be a potent vasodilator that can easily pass through the cell membrane and once inside the cell it causes an increase in glucose metabolism resulting in an increased energy. ^L1080 It was approved as a drug in 1998 in Canada and nowadays its status is cancelled post marketing.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 311.342

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The reported elimination half-life of xanthinol is 1.67h.

Volume Distribusi The volume of distribution of xanthinol is 0.93 L/kg.

Klirens (Clearance) The total body clearance rate for xanthinol is 0.63 L h/kg.

Absorpsi

Xanthinol is readily absorbed in the body with an absorption half life of 0.4 h.T53 After absorption, xanthinol nicotinate rapidly degardes into the negatively charged nicotinic acid and the positively charged xanthinol ion.^A31450

Metabolisme

As part of the metabolism of xanthinol, there is a formation of two metabolites that correspond to stereoisomeric forms of 2-coffeinyl-N-methyl-6-hydroxy-morpholines. These metabolites can be described structurally as semiacetals of a terminal aldehyde formed from xanthinol.^A31456

Rute Eliminasi

In urine, the two stereoisomeric forms of the xanthinol metabolites represents about 7-8% of the eliminated xanthinol.^A31456

Interaksi Obat

3 Data

Patent Blue	The therapeutic efficacy of Xanthinol can be decreased when used in combination with Patent Blue.
Isosorbide mononitrate	Xanthinol may increase the vasodilatory activities of Isosorbide mononitrate.
Iloprost	Iloprost may increase the hypotensive activities of Xanthinol.

Target Protein

NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial NNT

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH

Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial IDH3A

2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex component E1 OGDH

Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial MDH2

Large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 RPL3

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 3936095
Loriaux SM, Deijen JB, Orlebeke JF, De Swart JH: The effects of nicotinic acid and xanthinol nicotinate on human memory in different categories of age. A double blind study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1985;87(4):390-5.
PMID: 18718822
Liu HQ, Su MX, Di B, Hang TJ, Hu Y, Tian XQ, Zhang YD, Shen JP: Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of xanthinol in human plasma and its application in a bioequivalence study of xanthinol nicotinate tablets. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Sep 15;873(1):20-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.045. Epub 2008 Aug 7.
PMID: 1036921
Tauscher M, Eckhardt G, Geisel B, Credner K: Isolation and structure determination of metabolites of xantinol from rat urine (author's transl). Arzneimittelforschung. 1976;26(7):1342-4.

Textbook

Seyffart G. (1992). Drug dosage in renal insufficiency (2nd ed.). Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Turner P. and Volans G. (1986). The drugs handbook 1985-86. Macmillan Reference Books.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 2 • International brands: 0

Produk

Complamin Tab 150mg

Tablet • 150 mg / tab • Oral • Canada • Approved
Complamin Tab 300mg

Tablet • 300 mg / tab • Oral • Canada • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.