Peringatan Keamanan

There is no evidence of potassium alum that demonstrates any suspicious for it to be a hazard for the consumers in the currently approved levels of use.L1070

Potassium alum

DB09087

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Potassium alum is considered by the FDA as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance.L1070 It is an inorganic salt, also called potassium aluminum sulfate with a formula of AlK(SO4)2 that is predominantly produced in the dodecahydrate form (AlK(SO4)2 * 12H2O). Potassium alum is formed by large, transparent crystals that are used in different products like food or drugs as a buffer, neutralizing or forming agent.T60

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 258.205
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Studies performed with aluminum compounds have shown a half-life of 4.5 h when administered intravenously.[T64]
Volume Distribusi The distribution of aluminum salts in the body is influenced by increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone. It was shown, in preclinical studies, that oral administration of aluminum salts produces a distribution profile that forms deposits in kidneys, muscle, bone and gray matter.[T63]
Klirens (Clearance) Renal clearance of aluminum is approximately 5-10% of the excretion of urea or creatinine. The reduced clearance of aluminum compounds is due to the high protein binding.[A31431]

Absorpsi

Potassium alum is found in its dodecahydrate form that produces a very large molecule. This large molecule cannot be absorbed through the skin when this substance is included as an astringent agent in topical OTC.T61 If ingested, the aluminum salts are rapidly solubilized in the stomach and then they can generate aluminum hydroxide or poorly absorbed basic aluminum salts.T62

Metabolisme

Potassium alum does not go through a metabolic pathway. When ingested or absorbed, it will get rapidly dissolved and it will form ions that will later generate other salt derivatives.

Rute Eliminasi

When potassium alum is absorbed, the kidney is responsible for the elimination of the major portion of the absorbed dose.A31430 From the excretion, 0.1-0.3% of the absorbed dose is eliminated via the urine.T64

Interaksi Obat

318 Data
Eltrombopag Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Eltrombopag resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Raltegravir Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Raltegravir resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Deferasirox Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Deferasirox resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Dolutegravir The serum concentration of Dolutegravir can be decreased when it is combined with Potassium alum.
Halofantrine Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Halofantrine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ursodeoxycholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ursodeoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Cholic Acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cholic Acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Glycocholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Glycocholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Deoxycholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Deoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Taurocholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Taurocholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Obeticholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Obeticholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Chenodeoxycholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Chenodeoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Taurochenodeoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Bamet-UD2 Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Bamet-UD2 resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
cis-Diamminechlorocholylglycinateplatinum(II) The serum concentration of cis-Diamminechlorocholylglycinateplatinum(II) can be decreased when it is combined with Potassium alum.
Dehydrocholic acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Dehydrocholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Hyodeoxycholic Acid Potassium alum can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyodeoxycholic Acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aramchol The serum concentration of Aramchol can be decreased when it is combined with Potassium alum.
Ox bile extract The serum concentration of Ox bile extract can be decreased when it is combined with Potassium alum.
Ramipril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Ramipril.
Fosinopril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Fosinopril.
Trandolapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Trandolapril.
Benazepril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Benazepril.
Enalapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Enalapril.
Moexipril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Moexipril.
Lisinopril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Lisinopril.
Perindopril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Perindopril.
Quinapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Quinapril.
Omapatrilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Omapatrilat.
Rescinnamine The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Rescinnamine.
Captopril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Captopril.
Cilazapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Cilazapril.
Spirapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Spirapril.
Temocapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Temocapril.
Enalaprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Enalaprilat.
Imidapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Imidapril.
Zofenopril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Zofenopril.
Delapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Delapril.
Benazeprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Benazeprilat.
Fosinoprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Fosinoprilat.
Ramiprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Ramiprilat.
Trandolaprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Trandolaprilat.
Moexiprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Moexiprilat.
Perindoprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Perindoprilat.
Quinaprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Quinaprilat.
Cilazaprilat The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Cilazaprilat.
Technetium Tc-99m oxidronate The serum concentration of Technetium Tc-99m oxidronate can be increased when it is combined with Potassium alum.
Triamterene The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Triamterene.
Spironolactone The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Spironolactone.
Amiloride The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Amiloride.
Eplerenone The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Eplerenone.
Canrenoic acid The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Canrenoic acid.
Canrenone The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium alum is combined with Canrenone.
Valsartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Valsartan.
Olmesartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Olmesartan.
Losartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Losartan.
Candesartan cilexetil Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Candesartan cilexetil.
Eprosartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Eprosartan.
Telmisartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Telmisartan.
Irbesartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Irbesartan.
Forasartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Forasartan.
Saprisartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Saprisartan.
Tasosartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Tasosartan.
Saralasin Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Saralasin.
Azilsartan medoxomil Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Azilsartan medoxomil.
Fimasartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Fimasartan.
Candesartan Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Candesartan.
Cyclosporine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Cyclosporine.
Icosapent Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Icosapent.
Esmolol Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Esmolol.
Betaxolol Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Betaxolol.
Fluconazole Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Fluconazole.
Succinylcholine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Succinylcholine.
Mesalazine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Mesalazine.
Metoprolol Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Metoprolol.
Isradipine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Isradipine.
Indomethacin Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Indomethacin.
Atenolol Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Atenolol.
Diltiazem Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Diltiazem.
Trimethadione Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Trimethadione.
Timolol Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Timolol.
Amlodipine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Amlodipine.
Digoxin Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Digoxin.
Nimodipine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Nimodipine.
Nisoldipine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Nisoldipine.
Ardeparin Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Ardeparin.
Trimethoprim Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Trimethoprim.
Nabumetone Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Nabumetone.
Ketorolac Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Ketorolac.
Tenoxicam Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Tenoxicam.
Celecoxib Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Celecoxib.
Sotalol Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Sotalol.
Tolmetin Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Tolmetin.
Lercanidipine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Lercanidipine.
Rofecoxib Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Rofecoxib.
Piroxicam Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Piroxicam.
Lamotrigine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Lamotrigine.
Cinnarizine Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Cinnarizine.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 740662
    Elliott HL, Macdougall AI: Aluminium studies in dialysis encephalopathy. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1978;15:157-63.
  • PMID: 712205
    Kovalchik MT, Kaehny WD, Hegg AP, Jackson JT, Alfrey AC: Aluminum kinetics during hemodialysis. J Lab Clin Med. 1978 Nov;92(5):712-20.
  • PMID: 4194940
    Berlyne GM, Ben-Ari J, Pest D, Weinberger J, Stern M, Levine R, Gilmore GR: Hyperaluminaemia from aluminum resins in renal failure. Lancet. 1970 Sep 5;2(7671):494-6.
Textbook
  • Burdock G. (1997). Encyclopedia of food and color additives. CRC Press.
  • Burke I. (2000). The nature of beauty . Ebury Press.
  • McEvoy G., Miller J. and Litvak K. (1990). AHFS Drug information 90.. Bethesda.
  • National research council (1981). Drinking water and health (4th ed.). National academy press.
  • Ellenhorn M.J. and Barceloux D.G. (1988). Medical toxicology: diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning. Elsevier.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 22 • International brands: 0
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    Packing • 0.25 mg / 2.5 cm • Dental • Canada • Approved
  • Gingibraid W Alum Pot Sulf 1a 0.35mg/2.5cm
    Packing • 0.35 mg / 2.5 cm • Dental • Canada • Approved
  • Gingibraid W Alum Pot Sulf 2a 0.65mg/2.5cm
    Packing • 0.65 mg / 2.5 cm • Dental • Canada • Approved
  • Gingibraid W Alum Pot Sulf 3a 1.15mg/2.5cm
    Packing • 1.15 mg / 2.5 cm • Dental • Canada • Approved
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