The most common adverse events that occurred in lenvatinib recipients were hypertension (67.8 vs. 9.2 % in the placebo group), diarrhea (59.4 vs. 8.4 %), fatigue or asthenia (59.0 vs. 27.5 %), decreased appetite (50.2 vs. 11.5 %), decreased bodyweight (46.4 vs. 9.2 %), nausea (41.0 vs. 13.7 %), stomatitis (35.6 vs. 3.8 %), palmar-plantar erythrodysethesia syndrome (31.8 vs. 8.0 %) and proteinuria (31.0 vs. 1.5 %). Adverse events that occurred in clinical trials and for which there is a warning/precaution in US manufacturer’s pre- scribing information were hypertension, cardiac dysfunction (decreased left or right ventricular function, cardiac failure or pulmonary edema), arterial thromboembolic events, hepatotoxicity, proteinuria, renal failure and impairment, gastrointestinal perforation and fistula formation, QT interval prolongation, hypocalcaemia, reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome, haemorrhagic events, and impairment of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. Based on the mechanism of action of lenvatinib and results from animal reproduction studies, which showed embryotoxicity, foetotoxicity and teratogenicity at lenvatinib doses below the recommended dose in humans, females of reproductive potential should be advised to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 2 weeks following completion of therapy.
Lenvatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR1 (FLT1), VEGFR2 (KDR), and VEGFR3 (FLT4). Lenvatinib also inhibits other RTKs that have been implicated in pathogenic angiogenesis, tumor growth, and cancer progression in addition to their normal cellular functions, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4; the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR?), KIT, and RET. These receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) located in the cell membrane play a central role in the activation of signal transduction pathways involved in the normal regulation of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and differentiation, and in pathogenic angiogenesis, lymphogenesis, tumour growth and cancer progression. In particular, VEGF has been identified as a crucial regulator of both physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis and increased expression of VEGF is associated with a poor prognosis in many types of cancers.
Lenvatinib is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive, radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Most patients with thyroid cancer have a very good prognosis with treatment (98% 5 year survival rate) involving surgery and hormone therapy. However, for patients with RAI-refractory thyroid cancer, treatment options are limited and the prognosis is poor, leading to a push for the development of more targeted therapies such as lenvatinib.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Ivabradine | Ivabradine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lenvatinib. |
| Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Pravastatin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Pravastatin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Fluvoxamine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Fluvoxamine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Glimepiride | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Glimepiride which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Diethylstilbestrol | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Diethylstilbestrol which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Isradipine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Isradipine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Flucloxacillin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Flucloxacillin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Indomethacin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Indomethacin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Atenolol | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Atenolol which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Rosiglitazone | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Rosiglitazone which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Cerivastatin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Cerivastatin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Loratadine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Loratadine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Atropine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Atropine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Diclofenac | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Diclofenac which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Nicardipine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Nicardipine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Fluorescein | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Fluorescein which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Nitrofurantoin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Naproxen | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Naproxen which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Disulfiram | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Disulfiram which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Cefaclor | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Cefaclor which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Tinidazole | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Tinidazole which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Repaglinide | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Repaglinide which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Telmisartan | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Telmisartan which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Ezetimibe | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ezetimibe which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Dipyridamole | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Dipyridamole which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Sulfamethoxazole | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Sulfamethoxazole which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Fenofibrate | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Fenofibrate which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Nitrendipine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrendipine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Glipizide | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Glipizide which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Rosuvastatin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Rosuvastatin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Nifedipine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Nifedipine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Sulfinpyrazone | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Sulfinpyrazone which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Ofloxacin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ofloxacin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Taurocholic acid | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Taurocholic acid which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Prasterone sulfate | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Prasterone sulfate which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Indocyanine green acid form | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Indocyanine green acid form which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Benzbromarone | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Benzbromarone which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Pilsicainide | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Pilsicainide which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Dihydroergocristine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Dihydroergocristine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Glycyrrhizic acid | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Glycyrrhizic acid which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Budesonide | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Budesonide which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Indinavir | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Indinavir which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Felodipine | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Felodipine which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Belantamab mafodotin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Belantamab mafodotin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Atorvastatin | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Atorvastatin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Efavirenz | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Efavirenz which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Nefazodone | Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Nefazodone which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Ranolazine | The serum concentration of Lenvatinib can be increased when it is combined with Ranolazine. |
| Acetaminophen | The serum concentration of Acetaminophen can be increased when it is combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Propacetamol | The serum concentration of Propacetamol can be increased when it is combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Succinic acid | The excretion of Succinic acid can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Citrulline | The excretion of Citrulline can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Oseltamivir | The excretion of Oseltamivir can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Cefotiam | The excretion of Cefotiam can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Piperacillin | The excretion of Piperacillin can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Aminohippuric acid | The excretion of Aminohippuric acid can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Trifluridine | The excretion of Trifluridine can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Allopurinol | The excretion of Allopurinol can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Cefdinir | The excretion of Cefdinir can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Cephalexin | The excretion of Cephalexin can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Valaciclovir | The excretion of Valaciclovir can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Levocarnitine | The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Leucovorin | The excretion of Leucovorin can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Quinapril | The excretion of Quinapril can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Bumetanide | The excretion of Bumetanide can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Dinoprostone | The excretion of Dinoprostone can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Benzylpenicillin | The excretion of Benzylpenicillin can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Cefazolin | The excretion of Cefazolin can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Ceftizoxime | The excretion of Ceftizoxime can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Cefacetrile | The excretion of Cefacetrile can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Ceftibuten | The excretion of Ceftibuten can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Tazobactam | The excretion of Tazobactam can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Cyclic adenosine monophosphate | The excretion of Cyclic adenosine monophosphate can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Glutaric Acid | The excretion of Glutaric Acid can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Oxalic Acid | The excretion of Oxalic Acid can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Doripenem | The excretion of Doripenem can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Saxagliptin | The excretion of Saxagliptin can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Ellagic acid | The excretion of Ellagic acid can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Cefaloridine | The excretion of Cefaloridine can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Avibactam | The excretion of Avibactam can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Silibinin | The excretion of Silibinin can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Relebactam | The excretion of Relebactam can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Hydrocortisone | The excretion of Hydrocortisone can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Tetracycline | The excretion of Tetracycline can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Ranitidine | The excretion of Ranitidine can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Captopril | The excretion of Captopril can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Dexamethasone | The excretion of Dexamethasone can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Tenofovir alafenamide | The excretion of Tenofovir alafenamide can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Tenofovir disoproxil | The excretion of Tenofovir disoproxil can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Cimetidine | The excretion of Cimetidine can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Oxytetracycline | The excretion of Oxytetracycline can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Polythiazide | The excretion of Polythiazide can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Prednisolone phosphate | The excretion of Prednisolone phosphate can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Conjugated estrogens | The excretion of Conjugated estrogens can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Methotrexate | The excretion of Methotrexate can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Zidovudine | The excretion of Zidovudine can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Acyclovir | The excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Dexamethasone acetate | The excretion of Dexamethasone acetate can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |
| Acamprosate | The excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib. |