Peringatan Keamanan

Most common adverse reactions in ?10% of patients are diarrhea, flatulence, and headache.

Glycerol phenylbutyrate

DB08909

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Glycerol phenylbutyrate is a nitrogen-binding agent. Chemically, it is a triglyceride in which three molecules of phenylbutyrate are linked to a glycerol backbone. FDA approved on February 1, 2013.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 530.6512
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Glycerol phenylbutyrate is a prodrug in which phenylbutyrate (PBA) is released from the glycerol backbone by lipases in the gastrointestinal tract. PBA then undergoes beta-oxidtion to form PAA. When a single oral dose of 2.9 mL/m2 of Glycerol phenylbutyrate is given to fasting adult subjects, the pharmacokinetic parameters are as follows: Tmax: PBA = 2 hours; PAA = 4 hours; PAGN = 4 hours. Cmax: PBA = 37.0 µg/mL; PAA = 14.9 µg/mL; PAGN = 30.2 µg/mL. In healthy subjects, the hydrolysis of glycerol phenylbutyrate is incomplete, but to what extent is unknown. When glycerol phenylbutyrate is given to adult UCD patients, maximum plasma concentrations at steady state (Cmaxss) of PBA, PAA, and PAGN occurred at 8 h, 12 h, and 10 h, respectively, after the first dose in the day. Intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was not detectable in plasma in UCD patients.

Metabolisme

Pancreatic lipases hydrolyze glycerol phenylbutyrate to release PBA from the glycerol backbone. PBA undergoes ?-oxidation to PAA, which is conjugated with glutamine in the liver and in the kidney through the enzyme phenylacetyl-CoA: L-glutamine-N-acetyltransferase to form PAGN.

Rute Eliminasi

Glycerol phenylbutyrate is mainly excreted as PAGN in the urine (68.9% in adults and 66.5% in pediatric UCD patients). PAA and PBA represented minor urinary metabolites, each accounting for <1% of the administered dose of PBA.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with food.

Interaksi Obat

1118 Data
Aripiprazole The serum concentration of Aripiprazole can be increased when it is combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Aripiprazole lauroxil The metabolism of Aripiprazole lauroxil can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Atomoxetine The metabolism of Atomoxetine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Brexpiprazole The metabolism of Brexpiprazole can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Vortioxetine The metabolism of Vortioxetine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Eliglustat The metabolism of Eliglustat can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Iloperidone The metabolism of Iloperidone can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Tetrabenazine The metabolism of Tetrabenazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Ifosfamide The metabolism of Ifosfamide can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Perampanel The metabolism of Perampanel can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Warfarin The metabolism of Warfarin can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
(R)-warfarin The metabolism of (R)-warfarin can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
R,S-Warfarin alcohol The metabolism of R,S-Warfarin alcohol can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
S,R-Warfarin alcohol The metabolism of S,R-Warfarin alcohol can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
(S)-Warfarin The metabolism of (S)-Warfarin can be increased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Probenecid The serum concentration of the active metabolites of Glycerol phenylbutyrate can be increased when Glycerol phenylbutyrate is used in combination with Probenecid.
Erlotinib The serum concentration of Erlotinib can be decreased when it is combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Quetiapine The metabolism of Quetiapine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Labetalol The metabolism of Labetalol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Methylene blue The metabolism of Methylene blue can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Fluvoxamine The metabolism of Fluvoxamine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Amphetamine The metabolism of Amphetamine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Cevimeline The metabolism of Cevimeline can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Esmolol The metabolism of Esmolol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Betaxolol The metabolism of Betaxolol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Ticlopidine The metabolism of Ticlopidine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Citalopram The metabolism of Citalopram can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Benzatropine The metabolism of Benzatropine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Metoprolol The metabolism of Metoprolol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Lidocaine The metabolism of Lidocaine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Venlafaxine The metabolism of Venlafaxine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Bupivacaine The metabolism of Bupivacaine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Acetaminophen The metabolism of Acetaminophen can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Gefitinib The metabolism of Gefitinib can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Codeine The metabolism of Codeine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Methadone The metabolism of Methadone can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Olanzapine The metabolism of Olanzapine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Atenolol The metabolism of Atenolol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Diltiazem The metabolism of Diltiazem can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Chlorzoxazone The metabolism of Chlorzoxazone can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Mirtazapine The metabolism of Mirtazapine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Palonosetron The metabolism of Palonosetron can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Mexiletine The metabolism of Mexiletine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Progesterone The metabolism of Progesterone can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Remoxipride The metabolism of Remoxipride can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Promazine The metabolism of Promazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Prochlorperazine The metabolism of Prochlorperazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Quinine The metabolism of Quinine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Fluoxetine The metabolism of Fluoxetine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Duloxetine The metabolism of Duloxetine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Chlorpromazine The metabolism of Chlorpromazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Celecoxib The metabolism of Celecoxib can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Oxycodone The metabolism of Oxycodone can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Ritonavir The metabolism of Ritonavir can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Dextromethorphan The metabolism of Dextromethorphan can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Cinnarizine The metabolism of Cinnarizine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Propranolol The metabolism of Propranolol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Lisuride The metabolism of Lisuride can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Doxazosin The metabolism of Doxazosin can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Piperazine The metabolism of Piperazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Chloroquine The metabolism of Chloroquine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Dextropropoxyphene The metabolism of Dextropropoxyphene can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Trazodone The metabolism of Trazodone can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Galantamine The metabolism of Galantamine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Thioridazine The metabolism of Thioridazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Nicergoline The metabolism of Nicergoline can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Amprenavir The metabolism of Amprenavir can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Delavirdine The metabolism of Delavirdine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Tamsulosin The metabolism of Tamsulosin can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Paroxetine The metabolism of Paroxetine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Nateglinide The metabolism of Nateglinide can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Risperidone The metabolism of Risperidone can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Meclizine The metabolism of Meclizine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Pentamidine The metabolism of Pentamidine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Dolasetron The metabolism of Dolasetron can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Minaprine The metabolism of Minaprine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Donepezil The metabolism of Donepezil can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Perphenazine The metabolism of Perphenazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Alprenolol The metabolism of Alprenolol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Ondansetron The metabolism of Ondansetron can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Phenformin The metabolism of Phenformin can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Almotriptan The metabolism of Almotriptan can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Buprenorphine The metabolism of Buprenorphine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Mesoridazine The metabolism of Mesoridazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Maprotiline The metabolism of Maprotiline can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Pindolol The metabolism of Pindolol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Azelastine The metabolism of Azelastine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Formoterol The metabolism of Formoterol can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Methoxyflurane The metabolism of Methoxyflurane can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Tolterodine The metabolism of Tolterodine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Promethazine The metabolism of Promethazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Mequitazine The metabolism of Mequitazine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Perhexiline The metabolism of Perhexiline can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Diphenhydramine The metabolism of Diphenhydramine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Tegaserod The metabolism of Tegaserod can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Fluvastatin The metabolism of Fluvastatin can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Sertraline The metabolism of Sertraline can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Chlorpheniramine The metabolism of Chlorpheniramine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Nifedipine The metabolism of Nifedipine can be decreased when combined with Glycerol phenylbutyrate.

Referensi & Sumber

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 4 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Ravicti
    Liquid • 1.1 g/1mL • Oral • US • Approved
  • Ravicti
    Liquid • 1.1 g/1mL • Oral • US • Approved
  • Ravicti
    Liquid • 1.1 g / mL • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Ravicti
    - • 1.1 g/ml • - • EU • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

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