Agmatine

DB08838

small molecule experimental

Deskripsi

Agmantine is a natural metabolite of the amino acid arginine. It is formed when arginine is decarboxylated by the enzyme arginine decarboxylase and is found naturally in ragweed pollen, ergot fungi, octopus muscle, herring sperm, sponges, and the mammalian brain. Agmatine is both an experimental and investigational drug. As an investigational drug, it is being studied in a non-blinded prospective case study in the United States looking at patients who have been diagnosed with small fiber peripheral neuropathy between the ages of 18 to 75 years. Up to now (July 2013), the results of this study have not yet been published. As an experimental drug, agmatine is being studied for several indications such as cardioprotection, diabetes, decreased kidney function, neuroprotection (stroke, severe CNS injuries, epilepsy, glaucoma, and neuropathic pain), and psychiatric conditions (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and cognition). The exact mechanism of action is still being investigated for all of the potential indications of agmatine.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 130.1915
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Data absorpsi tidak tersedia.

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

1053 Data
Ceritinib Agmatine may increase the bradycardic activities of Ceritinib.
Ivabradine Agmatine may increase the bradycardic activities of Ivabradine.
Ruxolitinib Ruxolitinib may increase the bradycardic activities of Agmatine.
Secretin porcine The therapeutic efficacy of Secretin porcine can be decreased when used in combination with Agmatine.
Cimetidine The serum concentration of Agmatine can be increased when it is combined with Cimetidine.
Clopidogrel The therapeutic efficacy of Clopidogrel can be decreased when used in combination with Agmatine.
Efavirenz The serum concentration of Agmatine can be decreased when it is combined with Efavirenz.
Melatonin The therapeutic efficacy of Agmatine can be decreased when used in combination with Melatonin.
Nafcillin The therapeutic efficacy of Agmatine can be decreased when used in combination with Nafcillin.
Nitroprusside Agmatine may increase the hypotensive activities of Nitroprusside.
Bupropion The excretion of Agmatine can be decreased when combined with Bupropion.
Dantrolene The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Dantrolene is combined with Agmatine.
Lithium citrate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Lithium citrate.
Lithium carbonate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Lithium carbonate.
Lithium hydroxide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Lithium hydroxide.
Memantine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Memantine.
Boceprevir The serum concentration of Agmatine can be increased when it is combined with Boceprevir.
Botulinum toxin type A The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Botulinum toxin type B The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Botulinum toxin type B.
Butorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Butorphanol.
Pentazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Pentazocine.
Naltrexone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Naltrexone.
Nalbuphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Nalbuphine.
Levorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Levorphanol.
Diphenoxylate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Diphenoxylate.
Dezocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Dezocine.
Methadyl acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Methadyl acetate.
Dihydroetorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Dihydroetorphine.
Diamorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Diamorphine.
Bezitramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Bezitramide.
Etorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Etorphine.
Dextromoramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Dextromoramide.
Desomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Desomorphine.
Carfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Carfentanil.
Alphacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Alphacetylmethadol.
Dihydromorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Dihydromorphine.
Tapentadol The risk or severity of urinary retention and constipation can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Tapentadol.
DPDPE The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with DPDPE.
Lofentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Lofentanil.
Normethadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Normethadone.
Piritramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Piritramide.
Alphaprodine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Alphaprodine.
Nicomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Nicomorphine.
Meptazinol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Meptazinol.
Phenoperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Phenoperidine.
Phenazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Phenazocine.
Tilidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Tilidine.
Carfentanil, C-11 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Carfentanil, C-11.
Remifentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Remifentanil.
Codeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Codeine.
Benzhydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Benzhydrocodone.
Sufentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Sufentanil.
Alfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Alfentanil.
Fentanyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Fentanyl.
Tramadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Tramadol.
Morphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Morphine.
Hydromorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Hydromorphone.
Methadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Methadone.
Meperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Meperidine.
Oxycodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Oxycodone.
Dextropropoxyphene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Dextropropoxyphene.
Buprenorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Buprenorphine.
Hydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Hydrocodone.
Oxymorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Oxymorphone.
Levacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Levacetylmethadol.
Ethylmorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Ethylmorphine.
Dihydrocodeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Ketobemidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Ketobemidone.
Opium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Opium.
Naloxegol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agmatine is combined with Naloxegol.
Trospium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trospium is combined with Agmatine.
Oxyphenonium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxyphenonium is combined with Agmatine.
Benzatropine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Agmatine.
Talbutal The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Talbutal is combined with Agmatine.
Ipratropium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ipratropium is combined with Agmatine.
Metixene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metixene is combined with Agmatine.
Buclizine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Buclizine is combined with Agmatine.
Doxylamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Doxylamine is combined with Agmatine.
Trihexyphenidyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Agmatine.
Oxyphencyclimine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxyphencyclimine is combined with Agmatine.
Procyclidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Procyclidine is combined with Agmatine.
Cyproheptadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cyproheptadine is combined with Agmatine.
Methscopolamine bromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methscopolamine bromide is combined with Agmatine.
Metharbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metharbital is combined with Agmatine.
Tridihexethyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tridihexethyl is combined with Agmatine.
Anisotropine methylbromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Anisotropine methylbromide is combined with Agmatine.
Mecamylamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mecamylamine is combined with Agmatine.
Pirenzepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pirenzepine is combined with Agmatine.
Homatropine methylbromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Homatropine methylbromide is combined with Agmatine.
Scopolamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Scopolamine is combined with Agmatine.
Isoflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Agmatine.
Benzquinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzquinamide is combined with Agmatine.
Clidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clidinium is combined with Agmatine.
Propantheline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propantheline is combined with Agmatine.
Dicyclomine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dicyclomine is combined with Agmatine.
Tropicamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tropicamide is combined with Agmatine.
Biperiden The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Biperiden is combined with Agmatine.
Maprotiline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Maprotiline is combined with Agmatine.
Methantheline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methantheline is combined with Agmatine.
Cycrimine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cycrimine is combined with Agmatine.

Target Protein

Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor ADRA2C
Nischarin NISCH
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha CHRNA1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 GRIN1
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 KCNJ1
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B CACNA1B
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 ASIC3

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 7906055
    Li G, Regunathan S, Barrow CJ, Eshraghi J, Cooper R, Reis DJ: Agmatine: an endogenous clonidine-displacing substance in the brain. Science. 1994 Feb 18;263(5149):966-9.
  • PMID: 23685229
    Payandemehr B, Rahimian R, Bahremand A, Ebrahimi A, Saadat S, Moghaddas P, Fadakar K, Derakhshanian H, Dehpour AR: Role of nitric oxide in additive anticonvulsant effects of agmatine and morphine. Physiol Behav. 2013 Jun 13;118:52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.022. Epub 2013 May 14.
  • PMID: 23642800
    Huang YC, Tzeng WS, Wang CC, Cheng BC, Chang YK, Chen HH, Lin PC, Huang TY, Chuang TJ, Lin JW, Chang CP: Neuroprotective effect of agmatine in rats with transient cerebral ischemia using MR imaging and histopathologic evaluation. Magn Reson Imaging. 2013 Sep;31(7):1174-81. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.03.026. Epub 2013 May 1.
  • PMID: 23769988
    Piletz JE, Aricioglu F, Cheng JT, Fairbanks CA, Gilad VH, Haenisch B, Halaris A, Hong S, Lee JE, Li J, Liu P, Molderings GJ, Rodrigues AL, Satriano J, Seong GJ, Wilcox G, Wu N, Gilad GM: Agmatine: clinical applications after 100 years in translation. Drug Discov Today. 2013 Sep;18(17-18):880-93. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.05.017. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
  • PMID: 15028566
    Regunathan S, Piletz JE: Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and agmatine synthesis in macrophages and astrocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Dec;1009:20-9.
Textbook
  • ISBN: 978-1849736701
    O'Neil, Maryadele J. (2013). The Merck Index : An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (15th ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry, The.

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