Peringatan Keamanan

Studies in animals and humans have reported cases of serious muscle paralysis, which can lead to respiratory distress and death.

Tetraethylammonium

DB08837

small molecule experimental investigational

Deskripsi

Tetraethylammonium is an experimental drug with no approved indication or marketed formulation. The only marketed drug containing tetraethylammonium was a combination drug called Fosglutamina B6, but this drug has now been discontinued. As an experimental agent, tetraethylammonium is used in its salt forms such as tetraethylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium bromide. Its mechanism of action is still being investigated, but it is known that tetraethylammonium blocks autonomic ganglia, calcium- and voltage- activated potassium channels, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Because of its inhibitory actions at the autonomic ganglia, tetraethylammonium was thought to be a potential therapeutic vasodilator but serious toxic effects were found. The most common use of tetraethylammonium presently is as a pharmacological research agent that blocks selective potassium channels. Structurally, tetraethylammonium is positively charged due to its central quaternary ammonium.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 130.2511

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Data absorpsi tidak tersedia.

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

Tetraethylammonium is eliminated by active renal tubular secretion by the cation transport system.

Interaksi Obat

5 Data

Risdiplam	The serum concentration of Tetraethylammonium can be increased when it is combined with Risdiplam.
Vasopressin	Tetraethylammonium may increase the hypertensive activities of Vasopressin.
Bethanechol	The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Tetraethylammonium is combined with Bethanechol.
Fedratinib	Fedratinib may decrease the excretion rate of Tetraethylammonium which could result in a higher serum level.
Arimoclomol	The serum concentration of Tetraethylammonium can be increased when it is combined with Arimoclomol.

Target Protein

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 KCNQ3

Potassium channel subfamily T member 2 KCNT2

Potassium channel subfamily T member 1 KCNT1

Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 KCNMB4

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 KCNA5

Aquaporin-1 AQP1

Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 KCNN2

Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3 KCNN3

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 SLC47A1

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3 KCNA3

Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 KCNN1

pH-gated potassium channel KcsA kcsA

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 CHRNA9

Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Kcnma1

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 KCNA1

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 15434379
GRAHAM AJ: Toxic effects in animals and man after tetraethylammonium bromide. Br Med J. 1950 Aug 5;2(4674):321-2.

Textbook

ISBN: 978-1849736701
O'Neil, Maryadele J. (2013). The Merck Index : An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (15th ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry, The.
ISBN: 978-0857110626
Allen, Loyd V., Jr. (2012). Remington : The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (22nd ed.). Pharmaceutical Press.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 0 • International brands: 0

Belum ada data produk/brand untuk obat ini pada database. Jalankan import DrugBank untuk mengisi field produk/brand.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.