Peringatan Keamanan

The oral LD50 of the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid is >800 mg/kg in the rat.^L32303 Overdose information is not readily available in the literature. The safety profile for hyaluronic acid favourable, however, single case reports of death following vaginal injection of hyaluronic acid are published; the deaths likely occurred due to poor procedure regulation.^A230693

Hyaluronic acid

DB08818

small molecule approved vet_approved

Deskripsi

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan found in connective, epithelial, and neural tissues; it was first isolated in 1934. Karl Meyer and John Palmer obtained glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from the bovine eye, giving it the name “hyaluronic acid”. HA is involved in many important physiological processes, including but not limited to wound healing, tissue regeneration, and joint lubrication. It demonstrates unique viscoelasticity, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory qualities, and other important properties that prove beneficial in various clinical applications.^A230128

HA is used in drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, ophthalmological conditions, joint conditions, and aesthetic imperfections.^A230133 Several preparations of hyaluronic acid have been approved by the FDA and are available in oral, topical, and injectable forms. A popular use of hyaluronic acid in recent years is cosmetic injection due to its ability to minimize the appearance of wrinkles and aging-related skin imperfections.^L32193

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 776.6486

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) When injected by the intra-articular route hyaluronic acid has a half-life ranging from 17 hours to 1.5 days. The half-life of hyaluronic acid is longer for purified or formulations or preparations with high molecular weight.[L32193] It can vary according to the molecular weight of the administered HA, according to studies in animals. The metabolic half-life of hyaluronic acid in sheep was determined to be approximately 27 hours in pharmacokinetic studies. In sheep, HA is believed to undergo rapid elimination via the blood and liver.[A230128]

Volume Distribusi There is limited information in the literature regarding the human pharmacokinetics of hyaluronic acid.[A230128] After a dermal filler injection, HA distributes rapidly into the superficial and deep dermis.[A230633] Hyaluronic acid is distributed to skin of rats after intestinal metabolism into oligosaccharides.[A230613] In rats and beagle dogs receiving oral hyaluronic acid, HA accumulated in the thyroid gland, kidneys, bladder, and stomach. HA was found to be concentrated in the vertebrae, joints, and salivary glands within 4 hours after a single dose. It is suggested by pharmacokinetic studies in animals that HA distributes into the lymphatic system.[A230128,A230628]

Klirens (Clearance) There is limited information in the literature regarding the human pharmacokinetics of hyaluronic acid.[A230128] In a pharmacokinetic study of rabbits, maximum clearance capacity of intravenously administered hyaluronic acid was about 30 mg/day/kg.[A230638]

Absorpsi

There is limited information in the literature regarding the human absorption and pharmacokinetics of hyaluronic acid.^A230128 When administered to rats in the oral form, hyaluronic acid is broken down to oligosaccharides by intestinal bacteria and absorbed in the colon.^A230613 In pharmacokinetic studies of beagle dogs, HA was readily absorbed and rapidly excreted.^A230128 When applied topically, HA with low molecular weight ranging from 20-300 kDa is absorbed through the stratum corneum, and HA with high molecular weight (1000-1400 kDa) does not penetrate the stratum corneum.^A230608 The bioavailability of hyaluronic acid depends on its molecular weight.^A230623

Metabolisme

Hyaluronic acid is degraded by a family of enzymes called hyaluronidases.^A230138 In animals, it is metabolized into oligosaccharides by intestinal bacteria and subsequently reabsorbed in the large intestine.^A230613

Rute Eliminasi

There is limited information in the literature regarding the human pharmacokinetics of hyaluronic acid.^A230128 Studies in rats and dogs administered a radio-labeled oral dose of HA showed 87-96% excretion the feces. Excretion of hyaluronic acid is primarily extra-renal, with some contribution from the spleen.A230628,A230128

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

CD44 antigen CD44

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ICAM1

Hyaluronan mediated motility receptor HMMR

Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 LYVE1

Neurocan core protein NCAN

Versican core protein VCAN

Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein, mitochondrial C1QBP

Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 HAPLN1

Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3 HAPLN3

Hyaluronan-binding protein 2 HABP2

Layilin LAYN

Stabilin-2 STAB2

Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein TNFAIP6

Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 IMPG2

Intracellular hyaluronan-binding protein 4 HABP4

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Susan Hockfield, Diane M. Jaworski, "DNA encoding BEHAB, a brain hyaluronan-binding protein, and recombinant expression systems for production of BEHAB polypeptides." U.S. Patent US5635370, issued June 03, 1997.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 30287361
Bukhari SNA, Roswandi NL, Waqas M, Habib H, Hussain F, Khan S, Sohail M, Ramli NA, Thu HE, Hussain Z: Hyaluronic acid, a promising skin rejuvenating biomedicine: A review of recent updates and pre-clinical and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic effects. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018 Dec;120(Pt B):1682-1695. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.188. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
PMID: 31294035
Gupta RC, Lall R, Srivastava A, Sinha A: Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory. Front Vet Sci. 2019 Jun 25;6:192. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192. eCollection 2019.
PMID: 30960626
Fallacara A, Baldini E, Manfredini S, Vertuani S: Hyaluronic Acid in the Third Millennium. Polymers (Basel). 2018 Jun 25;10(7). pii: polym10070701. doi: 10.3390/polym10070701.
PMID: 32848737
How KN, Yap WH, Lim CLH, Goh BH, Lai ZW: Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Drug Delivery System Targeting for Inflammatory Skin Diseases: A Mini Review. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 24;11:1105. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01105. eCollection 2020.
PMID: 25871518
Witting M, Boreham A, Brodwolf R, Vavrova K, Alexiev U, Friess W, Hedtrich S: Interactions of hyaluronic Acid with the skin and implications for the dermal delivery of biomacromolecules. Mol Pharm. 2015 May 4;12(5):1391-401. doi: 10.1021/mp500676e. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
PMID: 27627755
Pyo JS, Cho WJ: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intravesical Hyaluronic Acid and Hyaluronic Acid/Chondroitin Sulfate Instillation for Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;39(4):1618-25. doi: 10.1159/000447863. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
PMID: 25877232
Essendoubi M, Gobinet C, Reynaud R, Angiboust JF, Manfait M, Piot O: Human skin penetration of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights as probed by Raman spectroscopy. Skin Res Technol. 2016 Feb;22(1):55-62. doi: 10.1111/srt.12228. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
PMID: 27982756
Kimura M, Maeshima T, Kubota T, Kurihara H, Masuda Y, Nomura Y: Absorption of Orally Administered Hyaluronan. J Med Food. 2016 Dec;19(12):1172-1179. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3725.

Menampilkan 8 dari 16 artikel.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 202 • International brands: 13

Produk

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ACTS38 BoswelliaGel (100ml)

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Anbiser B-HA HYALURONIC ACID MOISTURIZING

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Anbiser B-HA Hyaluronic Acid Nourishing

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Anbiser B-HA Hyaluronic Acid Nourishing Conditioner

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International Brands

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Hylo-Comod
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Recosyn

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.