The onset of impairment of consciousness is relatively rapid in benzodiazepine poisoning. Onset is more rapid following larger doses and with agents of shorter duration of action. The most common and initial symptom is somnolence. This may progress to coma (Grade I or Grade II) following very large ingestions. Oral, rat LD50 is 825 mg/kg.
Tofisopam (marketed under brand names Emandaxin and Grandaxin) is a 2,3-benzodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. In contrast to classical 1,4-benzodiazepines, the compound does not bind to the benzodiazepine binding site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor and its psychopharmacological profile differs from such compounds. Although Tofisopam is not approved for sale in North America, it is approved for use in various countries worldwide, including parts of Europe. The D-enantiomer (dextofisopam) is currently in phase II trials in the U.S. for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Buprenorphine | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine. |
| Doxylamine | Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Dronabinol | The serum concentration of Dronabinol can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Droperidol | Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Hydrocodone | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone. |
| Hydroxyzine | Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Magnesium sulfate | The therapeutic efficacy of Tofisopam can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate. |
| Methotrimeprazine | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine. |
| Metyrosine | Tofisopam may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine. |
| Minocycline | Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Mirtazapine | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine. |
| Nabilone | Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Orphenadrine | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine. |
| Paraldehyde | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Perampanel | Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Pramipexole | Tofisopam may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole. |
| Ropinirole | Tofisopam may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole. |
| Rotigotine | Tofisopam may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine. |
| Rufinamide | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Sodium oxybate | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Sodium oxybate. |
| Suvorexant | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant. |
| Tapentadol | Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Thalidomide | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide. |
| Zolpidem | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem. |
| Yohimbine | The therapeutic efficacy of Tofisopam can be increased when used in combination with Yohimbine. |
| Eliglustat | The metabolism of Eliglustat can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Ibrutinib | The metabolism of Ibrutinib can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Cilostazol | The metabolism of Cilostazol can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Colchicine | The metabolism of Colchicine can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Fentanyl | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Fentanyl is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Iloperidone | The metabolism of Iloperidone can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Retapamulin | The metabolism of Retapamulin can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Tofacitinib | The metabolism of Tofacitinib can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Vardenafil | The metabolism of Vardenafil can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Zopiclone | The metabolism of Zopiclone can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Lovastatin | The metabolism of Lovastatin can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Methadone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methadone is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Alfuzosin | The metabolism of Alfuzosin can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Alprazolam | The metabolism of Alprazolam can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Warfarin | The serum concentration of Warfarin can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Acenocoumarol | The serum concentration of Acenocoumarol can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| (R)-warfarin | The serum concentration of (R)-warfarin can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| R,S-Warfarin alcohol | The serum concentration of R,S-Warfarin alcohol can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| S,R-Warfarin alcohol | The serum concentration of S,R-Warfarin alcohol can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| (S)-Warfarin | The serum concentration of (S)-Warfarin can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Dicoumarol | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Dicoumarol. |
| Phenindione | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Phenindione. |
| Coumarin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Coumarin. |
| Tioclomarol | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Tioclomarol. |
| Ethyl biscoumacetate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Ethyl biscoumacetate. |
| Diphenadione | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Diphenadione. |
| 4-hydroxycoumarin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with 4-hydroxycoumarin. |
| Fluindione | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Fluindione. |
| Clorindione | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Clorindione. |
| Phenprocoumon | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Phenprocoumon. |
| Midazolam | The serum concentration of Midazolam can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Tacrolimus | The serum concentration of Tacrolimus can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Atorvastatin | The metabolism of Atorvastatin can be decreased when combined with Tofisopam. |
| Ethanol | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Ethanol. |
| Azelastine | Tofisopam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Azelastine. |
| Brimonidine | Brimonidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Zimelidine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Zimelidine. |
| Dapoxetine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Dapoxetine. |
| Seproxetine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Seproxetine. |
| Fluvoxamine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Fluvoxamine. |
| Citalopram | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Citalopram. |
| Duloxetine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Duloxetine. |
| Trazodone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Trazodone. |
| Paroxetine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Paroxetine. |
| Sertraline | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Sertraline. |
| Sibutramine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Sibutramine. |
| Nefazodone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Nefazodone. |
| Escitalopram | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Escitalopram. |
| Milnacipran | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Milnacipran. |
| Desvenlafaxine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Desvenlafaxine. |
| Levomilnacipran | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Levomilnacipran. |
| Indalpine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Indalpine. |
| Ritanserin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Ritanserin. |
| Alaproclate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tofisopam is combined with Alaproclate. |
| Cyproheptadine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cyproheptadine is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Propiomazine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Propiomazine is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Amitriptyline | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Amitriptyline is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Imipramine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Imipramine is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Doxepin | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Doxepin is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Olanzapine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Olanzapine is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Clozapine | The serum concentration of Clozapine can be increased when it is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Nortriptyline | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Nortriptyline is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Botulinum toxin type B | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Botulinum toxin type B is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Botulinum toxin type A | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Botulinum toxin type A is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Baclofen | Baclofen may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Tofisopam. |
| Ethchlorvynol | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Ethchlorvynol is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Succinylcholine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Succinylcholine is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Enflurane | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Enflurane is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Butabarbital | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Butabarbital is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Butalbital | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Butalbital is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Topiramate | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Topiramate is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Clemastine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Clemastine is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Etomidate | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Etomidate is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Talbutal | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Talbutal is combined with Tofisopam. |
| Pentobarbital | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Pentobarbital is combined with Tofisopam. |