Lodoxamide

DB06794

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Lodoxamide is a mast-cell stabilizer for topical administration into the eye. Mast-cell stabilizers, first one approved being cromolyn sodium, are used in treatment of ocular hypersensitivity reactions such as vernal conjunctivitis. These conditions often require treatment with anti-inflammatory medications such as ophthalmic NSAIDs or topical steroids which may cause systemic or toxic effects long-term. Although less effective than topical steroids at decreasing inflammation, mast-cell stabilizers offer another treatment option and exhibit minimal adverse effects. Lodoxamide is marketed under the brand name Alomide by Alcon.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 311.63

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Elimination half-life was 8.5 hours in urine.

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

In a study of twelve healthy adult volunteers, topical administration of lodoxamide tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.1%, one drop in each eye four times per day for ten days, did not result in any measurable lodoxamide plasma levels at a detection limit of 2.5 ng/mL.

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

Urinary excretion is the major route of elimination.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 10890862
Avunduk AM, Avunduk MC, Kapicioglu Z, Akyol N, Tavli L: Mechanisms and comparison of anti-allergic efficacy of topical lodoxamide and cromolyn sodium treatment in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology. 2000 Jul;107(7):1333-7.
PMID: 8740338
Lee S, Allard TR: Lodoxamide in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ann Pharmacother. 1996 May;30(5):535-7.
PMID: 21465936
Das D, Khan M, Gul A, Alam R: Safety and efficacy of lodoxamide in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. J Pak Med Assoc. 2011 Mar;61(3):239-41.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 3 • International brands: 0

Produk

Alomide

Solution / drops • 1 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • Approved
Alomide

Solution • 0.1 % w/v • Ophthalmic • Canada • Approved
Alomide

Solution / drops • 1 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.