In high doses or when ingested, naphazoline can lead to central nervous system depression (which can progress to coma and death), hypothermia, bradycardia, and deathA176558. This effect is especially pronounced in children under 6 yearsA176558,A176564.
Long term use of naphazoline can lead to rhinitis medicamentosa once naphazoline is stoppedA176567. This condition is a result of norepinephrine release by naphazoline triggering a negative feedback loopA176567.
Safety and effectiveness in children under 12 has not been establishedF4214. Studies in elderly patients have yet to be performedF4214. Risk in pregnancy, breast feeding, and on overall fertility have not been established, though pregnant and breast feeding patients should consider the risk and benefit before starting naphazoline treatmentF4214.
Naphazoline is a rapid acting imidazoline sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor of ocular or nasal artieriolesL5804,L5807. It acts to decrease congestion and is found in many over the counter (OTC) eye drops and nasal preparationsL5804,L5807.
Naphazoline was first developed in 1942 as a nasal formulation for congestionA176609.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Valsartan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Valsartan. |
| Ramipril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ramipril. |
| Reserpine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Reserpine. |
| Remikiren | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Remikiren. |
| Torasemide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide. |
| Isradipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Isradipine. |
| Olmesartan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Olmesartan. |
| Chlorthalidone | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Chlorthalidone. |
| Nitroprusside | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitroprusside. |
| Diltiazem | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diltiazem. |
| Minoxidil | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Minoxidil. |
| Treprostinil | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Treprostinil. |
| Amlodipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Amlodipine. |
| Nimodipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nimodipine. |
| Nisoldipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nisoldipine. |
| Bendroflumethiazide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bendroflumethiazide. |
| Fosinopril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fosinopril. |
| Trandolapril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trandolapril. |
| Metolazone | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Metolazone. |
| Lercanidipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lercanidipine. |
| Benazepril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Benazepril. |
| Bosentan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bosentan. |
| Enalapril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalapril. |
| Cyclothiazide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cyclothiazide. |
| Candoxatril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candoxatril. |
| Mecamylamine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Mecamylamine. |
| Losartan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Losartan. |
| Moexipril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Moexipril. |
| Eplerenone | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Eplerenone. |
| Lisinopril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lisinopril. |
| Nitroglycerin | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitroglycerin. |
| Metyrosine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Metyrosine. |
| Hydroflumethiazide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hydroflumethiazide. |
| Cryptenamine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cryptenamine. |
| Perindopril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Perindopril. |
| Candesartan cilexetil | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candesartan cilexetil. |
| Fenoldopam | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fenoldopam. |
| Indapamide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Indapamide. |
| Tadalafil | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tadalafil. |
| Eprosartan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Eprosartan. |
| Chlorothiazide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Chlorothiazide. |
| Quinapril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril. |
| Telmisartan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Telmisartan. |
| Methyldopa | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Methyldopa. |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hydrochlorothiazide. |
| Trichlormethiazide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trichlormethiazide. |
| Irbesartan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Irbesartan. |
| Nitrendipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitrendipine. |
| Deserpidine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Deserpidine. |
| Pentolinium | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Pentolinium. |
| Trimethaphan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trimethaphan. |
| Diazoxide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diazoxide. |
| Captopril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Captopril. |
| Epoprostenol | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Epoprostenol. |
| Bepridil | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bepridil. |
| Hydralazine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hydralazine. |
| Polythiazide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Polythiazide. |
| Cilazapril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cilazapril. |
| Saprisartan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Saprisartan. |
| Spirapril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Spirapril. |
| Mibefradil | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Mibefradil. |
| Tienilic acid | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tienilic acid. |
| Debrisoquine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Debrisoquine. |
| Sitaxentan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Sitaxentan. |
| Ambrisentan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ambrisentan. |
| Diethylnorspermine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diethylnorspermine. |
| Nilvadipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nilvadipine. |
| Pinacidil | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Pinacidil. |
| Temocapril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Temocapril. |
| Riociguat | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Riociguat. |
| Macitentan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Macitentan. |
| Hexamethonium | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hexamethonium. |
| Aliskiren | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Aliskiren. |
| Nicorandil | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nicorandil. |
| Efonidipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Efonidipine. |
| Lacidipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lacidipine. |
| Manidipine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Manidipine. |
| Rauwolfia serpentina root | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root. |
| Enalaprilat | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Selexipag | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Selexipag. |
| Angiotensin 1-7 | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Angiotensin 1-7. |
| Imidapril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Imidapril. |
| BQ-123 | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of BQ-123. |
| Tetrahydropalmatine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tetrahydropalmatine. |
| Cicletanine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cicletanine. |
| Dihydralazine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Dihydralazine. |
| Zofenopril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Zofenopril. |
| Guanoxan | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoxan. |
| Delapril | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Delapril. |
| Vincamine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Vincamine. |
| Linsidomine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Linsidomine. |
| Guanoxabenz | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoxabenz. |
| Tolonidine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tolonidine. |
| Endralazine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Endralazine. |
| Cadralazine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cadralazine. |
| Cyclopenthiazide | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cyclopenthiazide. |
| Bietaserpine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bietaserpine. |
| Guanazodine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanazodine. |
| Methoserpidine | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Methoserpidine. |
| Guanoclor | Naphazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoclor. |