Peringatan Keamanan

Cardiac toxicity, specifically QT prolongation (irregular heartbeat; recurrent fainting).
Cholestatic hepatitis (abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; yellow eyes or skin).
Gastrointestinal toxicity, specifically acute colitis (abdominal pain and tenderness; bloody stools; fever).
Intestinal injury (abdominal pain and tenderness).
Ulcerated esophagitis (chest pain; heartburn).

Spiramycin

DB06145

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Spiramycin is a primarily bacteriostatic macrolide antimicrobial agent with activity against Gram-positive cocci and rods, Gram-negative cocci and also Legionellae, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae, some types of spirochetes, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium.
Spiramycin is a 16-membered ring macrolide discovered in 1952 as a product of Streptomyces ambofaciens that has been available in oral formulations since 1955, and parenteral formulations since 1987. Resistant organisms include Enterobacteria, pseudomonads, and moulds.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 843.065
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Intravenous: Young persons (18 to 32 years of age): Approximately 4.5 to 6.2 hours. Elderly persons (73 to 85 years of age): Approximately 9.8 to 13.5 hours. Oral: 5.5-8 hours, Rectal in children: 8 hours
Volume Distribusi The tissue distribution of spiramycin is extensive. The volume of distribution is in excess of 300 L, and concentrations achieved in bone, muscle, respiratory tract and saliva exceed those found in serum. Spiramycin showed high concentrations in tissues such as: lungs, bronchi, tonsils, and sinuses.
Klirens (Clearance) 80% of the administered dose excreted in the bile, which makes the fecal-biliary route is the most important route of elimination. Enterohepatic recycling could also occur. Only 4 to 14% of an administered dose is eliminated through renal-urinary excretion route.

Absorpsi

The extent of absorption of Spiramycin was shown to be incomplete. Oral bioavailability ranges from 30-39%. Spiramycin has slower rate of absorption than Erythromycin. It has a high pKa (7.9) which could be a result of high degree of ionization in acidic medium of the stomach.

Metabolisme

Spiramycin is less metabolised than some of the other macrolides. Metabolism has not been well studied. It is mainly done in the liver to the active metabolites.

Rute Eliminasi

Fecal-biliary route is the primary route of elimination. The secondary route is renal-urinary route.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. No food interactions are expected.

Interaksi Obat

83 Data
Terfenadine The serum concentration of Terfenadine can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Telaprevir The serum concentration of Telaprevir can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Picosulfuric acid The therapeutic efficacy of Picosulfuric acid can be decreased when used in combination with Spiramycin.
BCG vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of BCG vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Spiramycin.
Typhoid vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of Typhoid vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Spiramycin.
Atorvastatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Atorvastatin.
Dicoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Dicoumarol.
Phenindione The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Phenindione.
Coumarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Coumarin.
Tioclomarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Tioclomarol.
Warfarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Warfarin.
Phenprocoumon The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Phenprocoumon.
Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Acenocoumarol.
4-hydroxycoumarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with 4-hydroxycoumarin.
(R)-warfarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with (R)-warfarin.
Ethyl biscoumacetate The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Ethyl biscoumacetate.
Fluindione The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Fluindione.
Clorindione The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Clorindione.
Diphenadione The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Diphenadione.
(S)-Warfarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with (S)-Warfarin.
Digoxin The serum concentration of Digoxin can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Lactulose The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Spiramycin.
Triamcinolone Spiramycin may decrease the excretion rate of Triamcinolone which could result in a higher serum level.
Flunisolide The serum concentration of Flunisolide can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Betamethasone The serum concentration of Betamethasone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Prednisone The serum concentration of Prednisone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Fludrocortisone The serum concentration of Fludrocortisone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Hydrocortisone The serum concentration of Hydrocortisone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Prednisolone The serum concentration of Prednisolone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Methylprednisolone The serum concentration of Methylprednisolone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Trilostane The serum concentration of Trilostane can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Budesonide The serum concentration of Budesonide can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Dexamethasone The serum concentration of Dexamethasone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Corticotropin The serum concentration of Corticotropin can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Cortisone acetate The serum concentration of Cortisone acetate can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Paramethasone The serum concentration of Paramethasone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Aldosterone The serum concentration of Aldosterone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Fluprednisolone The serum concentration of Fluprednisolone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Meprednisone The serum concentration of Meprednisone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Melengestrol The serum concentration of Melengestrol can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Deflazacort The serum concentration of Deflazacort can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Cortivazol The serum concentration of Cortivazol can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Prednylidene The serum concentration of Prednylidene can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Cloprednol The serum concentration of Cloprednol can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Cortisone The serum concentration of Cortisone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.
Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen The therapeutic efficacy of Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen can be decreased when used in combination with Spiramycin.
Estetrol The therapeutic efficacy of Estetrol can be decreased when used in combination with Spiramycin.
Lidocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Lidocaine.
Ropivacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Ropivacaine.
Bupivacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Bupivacaine.
Cinchocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Cinchocaine.
Dyclonine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Dyclonine.
Procaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Procaine.
Prilocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Prilocaine.
Proparacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Proparacaine.
Meloxicam The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Meloxicam.
Oxybuprocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Oxybuprocaine.
Cocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Cocaine.
Mepivacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Mepivacaine.
Levobupivacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Levobupivacaine.
Diphenhydramine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Diphenhydramine.
Benzocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Benzocaine.
Chloroprocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Chloroprocaine.
Phenol The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Phenol.
Tetrodotoxin The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Tetrodotoxin.
Benzyl alcohol The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Benzyl alcohol.
Capsaicin The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Capsaicin.
Etidocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Etidocaine.
Articaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Articaine.
Tetracaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Tetracaine.
Propoxycaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Propoxycaine.
Pramocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Pramocaine.
Butamben The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Butamben.
Butacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Butacaine.
Oxetacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Oxetacaine.
Ethyl chloride The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Ethyl chloride.
Butanilicaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Butanilicaine.
Metabutethamine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Metabutethamine.
Quinisocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Quinisocaine.
Cisatracurium Spiramycin may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Cisatracurium.
Ambroxol The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Spiramycin is combined with Ambroxol.
Fecal microbiota The therapeutic efficacy of Fecal microbiota can be decreased when used in combination with Spiramycin.
Vamorolone The serum concentration of Vamorolone can be increased when it is combined with Spiramycin.

Target Protein

50S ribosomal protein L3 rplC

Referensi & Sumber

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 2 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Rovamycine 250 Capsule 750000 Unit
    Capsule • 750000 unit • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Rovamycine 500 Capsule 1500000 Unit
    Capsule • 1500000 unit • Oral • Canada • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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