Ramucirumab packaging includes warnings for arterial thromboembolic events, hypertension, infusion-related reactions, gastrointestinal perforation, clinical deterioration in patients with cirrhosis, and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. The most common reactions observed in single-agent-treated patients at a rate of >10% and >2% higher than placebo were hypertension and diarrhea. The most common adverse reactions observed in patients treated with ramucirumab plus paclitaxel at a rate of of >30% and >2% higher than placebo plus paclitaxel were fatigue, neutropenia, diarrhea, and epistaxis.
Ramucirumab is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG1) against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a type II trans-membrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed on endothelial cells. By binding to VEGFR2, ramucirumab prevents binding of its ligands (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D), thereby preventing VEGF-stimulated receptor phosphorylation and downstream ligand-induced proliferation, permeability, and migration of human endothelial cells. VEGFR stimulation also mediates downstream signalling required for angiogenesis and is postulated to be heavily involved in cancer progression, making it a highly likely drug target. In contrast to other agents directed against VEGFR-2, ramucirumab binds a specific epitope on the extracellular domain of VEGFR-2, thereby blocking all VEGF ligands from binding to it. Ramucirumab is indicated for us in advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma as a single agent or in combination with paclitaxel after prior fluoropyrimidine- or platinum-containing chemotherapy.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Diethylstilbestrol | Diethylstilbestrol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Chlorotrianisene | Chlorotrianisene may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Conjugated estrogens | Conjugated estrogens may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estrone | Estrone may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estradiol | Estradiol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Dienestrol | Dienestrol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Ethinylestradiol | Ethinylestradiol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Mestranol | Mestranol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estriol | Estriol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estrone sulfate | Estrone sulfate may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Quinestrol | Quinestrol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Hexestrol | Hexestrol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Tibolone | Tibolone may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A | Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B | Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Polyestradiol phosphate | Polyestradiol phosphate may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Esterified estrogens | Esterified estrogens may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Zeranol | Zeranol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Equol | Equol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Promestriene | Promestriene may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Methallenestril | Methallenestril may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Epimestrol | Epimestrol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Moxestrol | Moxestrol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estradiol acetate | Estradiol acetate may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estradiol benzoate | Estradiol benzoate may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estradiol cypionate | Estradiol cypionate may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estradiol valerate | Estradiol valerate may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Biochanin A | Biochanin A may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Formononetin | Formononetin may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Estetrol | Estetrol may increase the thrombogenic activities of Ramucirumab. |
| Cetuximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cetuximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Human immunoglobulin G | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Human immunoglobulin G is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Omalizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Omalizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Adalimumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Abciximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Gemtuzumab ozogamicin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Indium In-111 satumomab pendetide | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indium In-111 satumomab pendetide is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Infliximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Infliximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Trastuzumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trastuzumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Rituximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rituximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Basiliximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Basiliximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Muromonab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Muromonab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Digoxin Immune Fab (Ovine) | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Digoxin Immune Fab (Ovine) is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Ibritumomab tiuxetan | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibritumomab tiuxetan is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Tositumomab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tositumomab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Alemtuzumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Capromab pendetide | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Capromab pendetide is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Efalizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efalizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Natalizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Natalizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Palivizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Palivizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Daclizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Daclizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Bevacizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bevacizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Technetium Tc-99m arcitumomab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Technetium Tc-99m arcitumomab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Eculizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eculizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Panitumumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Panitumumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Ranibizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ranibizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Galiximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Galiximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Pexelizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pexelizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Afelimomab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Afelimomab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Epratuzumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epratuzumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Bectumomab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bectumomab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Oregovomab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oregovomab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| IGN311 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when IGN311 is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Adecatumumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adecatumumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Labetuzumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Labetuzumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Matuzumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Matuzumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Fontolizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fontolizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Bavituximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bavituximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| CR002 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when CR002 is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Rozrolimupab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rozrolimupab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Girentuximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Girentuximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Obiltoxaximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Obiltoxaximab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| XTL-001 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when XTL-001 is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| NAV 1800 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when NAV 1800 is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Briakinumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Briakinumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Otelixizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Otelixizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| AMG 108 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when AMG 108 is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Iratumumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Iratumumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Enokizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enokizumab is combined with Ramucirumab. |
| Farletuzumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Farletuzumab. |
| Veltuzumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Veltuzumab. |
| Ustekinumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Ustekinumab. |
| Trastuzumab emtansine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Trastuzumab emtansine. |
| PRO-542 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with PRO-542. |
| TNX-901 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with TNX-901. |
| Inotuzumab ozogamicin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Inotuzumab ozogamicin. |
| RI 624 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with RI 624. |
| Stamulumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with MYO-029. |
| CT-011 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with CT-011. |
| Leronlimab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Leronlimab. |
| Glembatumumab vedotin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Glembatumumab vedotin. |
| Olaratumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Olaratumab. |
| IPH 2101 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with IPH 2101. |
| TB-402 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with TB-402. |
| Caplacizumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Caplacizumab. |
| IMC-1C11 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with IMC-1C11. |
| Eldelumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Eldelumab. |
| Lumiliximab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Lumiliximab. |
| Canakinumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramucirumab is combined with Canakinumab. |