Neuroprotective role of phosphodiesterase inhibitor ibudilast on neuronal cell death induced by activated microglia
Ibudilast is an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective oral agent which shows an excellent safety profile at 60 mg/day and provides significantly prolonged time-to-first relapse and attenuated brain volume shrinkage in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) and/or secondary progressive (SP) multiple sclerosis (MS). Ibudilast is currently in development in the U.S. (codes: AV-411 or MN-166), but is approved for use as an antiinflammatory in Japan.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Apixaban | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Apixaban. |
| Dasatinib | Dasatinib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ibudilast. |
| Ursodeoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Ursodeoxycholic acid. |
| Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid. |
| Cholic Acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Cholic Acid. |
| Glycocholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Glycocholic acid. |
| Deoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Deoxycholic acid. |
| Taurocholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Taurocholic acid. |
| Obeticholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Obeticholic acid. |
| Chenodeoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Chenodeoxycholic acid. |
| Taurochenodeoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Taurochenodeoxycholic acid. |
| Tauroursodeoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Tauroursodeoxycholic acid. |
| Bamet-UD2 | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Bamet-UD2. |
| Dehydrocholic acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Dehydrocholic acid. |
| Hyodeoxycholic Acid | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Hyodeoxycholic Acid. |
| Glucosamine | Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast. |
| Ibritumomab tiuxetan | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Ibritumomab tiuxetan. |
| Ibrutinib | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibrutinib is combined with Ibudilast. |
| Obinutuzumab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Obinutuzumab. |
| Pentoxifylline | Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast. |
| Rivaroxaban | Ibudilast may increase the anticoagulant activities of Rivaroxaban. |
| Tipranavir | Tipranavir may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast. |
| Urokinase | Ibudilast may increase the anticoagulant activities of Urokinase. |
| Vitamin E | Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast. |
| Alprostadil | The risk or severity of hypotension and priapism can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Alprostadil. |
| Amyl Nitrite | The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Amyl Nitrite. |
| Dapoxetine | The risk or severity of orthostatic hypotension can be increased when Dapoxetine is combined with Ibudilast. |
| Riociguat | Ibudilast may increase the hypotensive activities of Riociguat. |
| Pentosan polysulfate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentosan polysulfate is combined with Ibudilast. |
| Sapropterin | Sapropterin may increase the hypotensive activities of Ibudilast. |
| Limaprost | Limaprost may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast. |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast. |
| Tositumomab | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Tositumomab. |
| Ethanol | Ethanol may increase the hypotensive activities of Ibudilast. |
| Valsartan | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Valsartan. |
| Ramipril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Ramipril. |
| Esmolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Esmolol. |
| Betaxolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Betaxolol. |
| Reserpine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Reserpine. |
| Remikiren | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Remikiren. |
| Torasemide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide. |
| Bethanidine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Bethanidine. |
| Guanadrel | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Guanadrel. |
| Metoprolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Metoprolol. |
| Isradipine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Isradipine. |
| Olmesartan | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Olmesartan. |
| Chlorthalidone | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Chlorthalidone. |
| Nitroprusside | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Nitroprusside. |
| Atenolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Atenolol. |
| Diltiazem | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Diltiazem. |
| Minoxidil | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Minoxidil. |
| Timolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Timolol. |
| Amlodipine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Amlodipine. |
| Nimodipine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Nimodipine. |
| Nisoldipine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Nisoldipine. |
| Bendroflumethiazide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Bendroflumethiazide. |
| Fosinopril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Fosinopril. |
| Trandolapril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Trandolapril. |
| Metolazone | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Metolazone. |
| Lercanidipine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Lercanidipine. |
| Benazepril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Benazepril. |
| Bosentan | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Bosentan. |
| Propranolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Propranolol. |
| Clonidine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Clonidine. |
| Enalapril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Enalapril. |
| Cyclothiazide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Cyclothiazide. |
| Bisoprolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Bisoprolol. |
| Candoxatril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Candoxatril. |
| Guanabenz | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Guanabenz. |
| Mecamylamine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Mecamylamine. |
| Losartan | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Losartan. |
| Moexipril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Moexipril. |
| Eplerenone | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Eplerenone. |
| Lisinopril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Lisinopril. |
| Metyrosine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Metyrosine. |
| Hydroflumethiazide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Hydroflumethiazide. |
| Cryptenamine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Cryptenamine. |
| Perindopril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Perindopril. |
| Candesartan cilexetil | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Candesartan cilexetil. |
| Fenoldopam | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Fenoldopam. |
| Indapamide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Indapamide. |
| Alprenolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Alprenolol. |
| Eprosartan | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Eprosartan. |
| Chlorothiazide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Chlorothiazide. |
| Quinapril | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril. |
| Omapatrilat | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Omapatrilat. |
| Pindolol | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Pindolol. |
| Telmisartan | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Telmisartan. |
| Methyldopa | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Methyldopa. |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Hydrochlorothiazide. |
| Guanfacine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Guanfacine. |
| Trichlormethiazide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Trichlormethiazide. |
| Felodipine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Felodipine. |
| Irbesartan | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Irbesartan. |
| Nitrendipine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Nitrendipine. |
| Deserpidine | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Deserpidine. |
| Pentolinium | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Pentolinium. |
| Trimethaphan | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Trimethaphan. |
| Diazoxide | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Diazoxide. |
| Bretylium | Ibudilast may increase the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |