Currently, a new dosing strategy is being investigated in two international phase III trials as part of the 'Ancrod Stroke Program (ASP).' Each of these studies will enroll 650 patients and assess whether a brief, relatively rapid ancrod infusion with no maintenance dosing will be both effective and safe.
Ancrod is contraindicated in patients with known bleeding disorders, unexplained excessive bleeding in the past, platelet counts <100,000 except for Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, planned surgery, active GIT ulcerations, malignant disease, renal stones, uncontrolled arterial hypertension, active pulmonary tuberculosis, impaired fibrinolysis, severe liver disease, shock, or impending shock. Ancrod should not be given shortly before delivery or via the intramuscular route.
Ancrod has been listed as pregnancy category X by the FDA. Ancrod should not be used in pregnancy as it may interfere with implantation. It is not teratogenic in animal studies but there were some fetal deaths from placental hemorrhage.
Side effects may include hypersensitivity reactions and pain at the injection site.
Ancrod, marketed as Viprinex, is a defibrinogenating agent derived from Malayan pit viper venom. The defribrinogenation of blood results in an anticoagulant effect. Currently, Viprinex®/ancrod is not approved or marketed in any country, but is being investigated as a stroke treatment in worldwide clinical trials. In January 2005, the U.S. FDA granted a 'fast-track status' for investigation of ancrod use in patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke, a life threatening condition caused by the blockage of blood vessels supplying blood and oxygen to portions of the brain, for which phase III trials are currently being conducted.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Apixaban | Apixaban may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Dabigatran etexilate | Dabigatran etexilate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Dasatinib | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Dasatinib is combined with Ancrod. |
| Deferasirox | The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Deferasirox. |
| Ursodeoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Ursodeoxycholic acid. |
| Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid. |
| Cholic Acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Cholic Acid. |
| Glycocholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Glycocholic acid. |
| Deoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Deoxycholic acid. |
| Taurocholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Taurocholic acid. |
| Obeticholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Obeticholic acid. |
| Chenodeoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Chenodeoxycholic acid. |
| Taurochenodeoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Taurochenodeoxycholic acid. |
| Tauroursodeoxycholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Tauroursodeoxycholic acid. |
| Bamet-UD2 | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Bamet-UD2. |
| Dehydrocholic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Dehydrocholic acid. |
| Hyodeoxycholic Acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Hyodeoxycholic Acid. |
| Edoxaban | The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Edoxaban is combined with Ancrod. |
| Ibrutinib | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Ibrutinib is combined with Ancrod. |
| Obinutuzumab | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Obinutuzumab. |
| Rivaroxaban | Ancrod may increase the anticoagulant activities of Rivaroxaban. |
| Sugammadex | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Ancrod is combined with Sugammadex. |
| Tibolone | Tibolone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Tipranavir | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Tipranavir is combined with Ancrod. |
| Urokinase | Urokinase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Vitamin E | Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Vorapaxar | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Vorapaxar is combined with Ancrod. |
| Aprotinin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ancrod can be decreased when used in combination with Aprotinin. |
| Ginkgo biloba | Ginkgo biloba may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Ifosfamide | The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Ifosfamide is combined with Ancrod. |
| Quinine | The therapeutic efficacy of Ancrod can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Quinidine | The therapeutic efficacy of Ancrod can be increased when used in combination with Quinidine. |
| Tamoxifen | The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Tamoxifen is combined with Ancrod. |
| Toremifene | The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Toremifene is combined with Ancrod. |
| Pentoxifylline | The therapeutic efficacy of Ancrod can be increased when used in combination with Pentoxifylline. |
| Pentosan polysulfate | Pentosan polysulfate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Levocarnitine | The therapeutic efficacy of Ancrod can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine. |
| Diethylstilbestrol | Diethylstilbestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Chlorotrianisene | Chlorotrianisene may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Conjugated estrogens | Conjugated estrogens may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Mestranol | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mestranol is combined with Ancrod. |
| Estrone sulfate | Estrone sulfate may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Quinestrol | Quinestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Hexestrol | Hexestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A | Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B | Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Polyestradiol phosphate | Polyestradiol phosphate may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Esterified estrogens | Esterified estrogens may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Zeranol | Zeranol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Equol | Equol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Methallenestril | Methallenestril may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Epimestrol | Epimestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Moxestrol | Moxestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Estradiol acetate | Estradiol acetate may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Estradiol benzoate | Estradiol benzoate may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Estradiol cypionate | Estradiol cypionate may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Estradiol valerate | Estradiol valerate may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Biochanin A | Biochanin A may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Formononetin | Formononetin may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Estriol | Estriol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. |
| Icosapent | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Icosapent is combined with Ancrod. |
| Mesalazine | The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Mesalazine is combined with Ancrod. |
| Indomethacin | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Indomethacin is combined with Ancrod. |
| Nabumetone | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Nabumetone is combined with Ancrod. |
| Ketorolac | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Ketorolac is combined with Ancrod. |
| Tenoxicam | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Tenoxicam is combined with Ancrod. |
| Celecoxib | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Celecoxib is combined with Ancrod. |
| Tolmetin | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Tolmetin is combined with Ancrod. |
| Rofecoxib | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Rofecoxib is combined with Ancrod. |
| Piroxicam | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Piroxicam is combined with Ancrod. |
| Fenoprofen | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Fenoprofen is combined with Ancrod. |
| Valdecoxib | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Valdecoxib is combined with Ancrod. |
| Diclofenac | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Diclofenac is combined with Ancrod. |
| Sulindac | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Sulindac is combined with Ancrod. |
| Flurbiprofen | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Flurbiprofen is combined with Ancrod. |
| Etodolac | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Etodolac is combined with Ancrod. |
| Mefenamic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Mefenamic acid is combined with Ancrod. |
| Naproxen | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Naproxen is combined with Ancrod. |
| Sulfasalazine | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Sulfasalazine is combined with Ancrod. |
| Phenylbutazone | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Phenylbutazone is combined with Ancrod. |
| Meloxicam | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Meloxicam is combined with Ancrod. |
| Carprofen | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Carprofen is combined with Ancrod. |
| Diflunisal | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Diflunisal is combined with Ancrod. |
| Salicylic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Salicylic acid is combined with Ancrod. |
| Meclofenamic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Meclofenamic acid is combined with Ancrod. |
| Oxaprozin | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Oxaprozin is combined with Ancrod. |
| Ketoprofen | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Ketoprofen is combined with Ancrod. |
| Balsalazide | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Balsalazide is combined with Ancrod. |
| Olsalazine | The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Olsalazine is combined with Ancrod. |
| Lumiracoxib | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Lumiracoxib is combined with Ancrod. |
| Magnesium salicylate | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Magnesium salicylate is combined with Ancrod. |
| Salsalate | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Salsalate is combined with Ancrod. |
| Choline magnesium trisalicylate | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Choline magnesium trisalicylate is combined with Ancrod. |
| Antrafenine | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Antrafenine is combined with Ancrod. |
| Aminophenazone | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Aminophenazone is combined with Ancrod. |
| Antipyrine | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Antipyrine is combined with Ancrod. |
| Tiaprofenic acid | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Tiaprofenic acid is combined with Ancrod. |
| Etoricoxib | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Etoricoxib is combined with Ancrod. |
| Taxifolin | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Taxifolin is combined with Ancrod. |
| Oxyphenbutazone | The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Oxyphenbutazone is combined with Ancrod. |