Peringatan Keamanan

As a compound that is typically found naturally in the body, little to no adverse cumulative health effects have been associated with exposure to propionic acid ^L2728. Medical reports of acute exposures of workers to propionic acid show mild to moderate skin burns, mild eye redness, and one case of a mild cough and asthmatic response ^L2728.

Propanoic acid

DB03766

small molecule approved vet_approved

Deskripsi

Sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid that exists as colorless, transparent crystals or a granular crystalline powder. It is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food ingredient by FDA, where it acts as an antimicrobial agent for food preservation and flavoring agent. Its use as a food additive is also approved in Europe. Sodium propionate is is prepared by neutralizing propionic acid with sodium hydroxide. Sodium propionate was previously approved in Canada as an active ingredient in Amino-Cerv (used to treat inflammation or injury of the cervix).

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 74.0785

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half-life of iv sodium propionate administered in the sheep animal model is about 6.9 +/- 0.4 minutes [L2725].

Volume Distribusi Three days after a single oral administration of labeled sodium propionate, 77% of the radioactivity was found in expired air, and 7% in urine and feces [L2725]. The radioactivity found in skin, liver, intestine, and adipose tissue was 3.9, 1.1, 0.9, and 0.7%, respectively [L2725]. Readily accessible data regarding the volume of distribution of propionic acid is not available.

Klirens (Clearance) Readily accessible data regarding the clearance of propionic acid is not available.

Absorpsi

Some propionic acid is oxidized to lactic acid during absorption, but most passes to the liver, which removes nearly all of it from the portal blood ^L2725. Propionic acid represents 20-25% of absorbed volatile fatty acids ^L2725. Propionic acid is rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract ^L2725.

Metabolisme

Propionic acid is first converted to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), however, it directly enter either beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles ^L2722. As propionic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA ^L2722. In the majority of vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is then isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA ^L2722. A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which can then be used as a substrate in the citric acid cycle ^L2722.

Rute Eliminasi

Most absorbed propionic acid is passed to the liver, which removes nearly all of it from the portal blood ^L2725. Three days after a single oral administration of labeled sodium propionate, 77% of the radioactivity was found in expired air, and 7% in urine and feces ^L2725.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Alanine racemase alr

Gephyrin GPHN

2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase cumD

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: James R. Hazen, "Process for production of 3-(hydroxyphenylphosphinyl)-propanoic acid." U.S. Patent US4769182, issued March, 1978.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 10469915
Ilic L, Gowrishankar TR, Vaughan TE, Herndon TO, Weaver JC: Spatially constrained skin electroporation with sodium thiosulfate and urea creates transdermal microconduits. J Control Release. 1999 Aug 27;61(1-2):185-202.
PMID: 15265042
Brock M, Buckel W: On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate. Eur J Biochem. 2004 Aug;271(15):3227-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04255.x.

Textbook

ISBN: 978-0071429450
Leonard G. Gomella, Steven A. Haist, Steven Haist (2003). Clinician's Pocket Drug Reference 2004 (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange.

Link

Attachment

Compendium of Pharmaceutical Excipients for Vaginal Formulations

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 1 • International brands: 0

Produk

Amino-cerv

Cream • - • Vaginal • Canada • OTC • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.