Peringatan Keamanan

High levels of pidolic acid in the blood can lead to 5-Oxoprolinuria, which can ultimately result in severe metabolic acidosis, hemolytic anaemia, or even central nervous system dysfunction L2731.

Pidolic acid

DB03088

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Pidolic acid is a naturally occurring but little-studied amino acid derivative that can be formed enzymatically or non-enzymatically and participates as a biological intermediate with unique pharmacodynamics in various chemical pathways A32991, L2729. Elevations of the acid in blood levels may be associated with problems of glutamine or glutathione metabolism L2729. Pidolic acid, in general, is found in large quantities in brain tissue and other tissues in bound form, like skin L2729.

There are currently little to no medicines available that are clinically approved or marketed for employing pidolic acid as an active ingredient for any particular formal indication. Although pidolic acid is included in some over-the-counter, non-prescription dietary supplements for the proposed purpose of facilitating cognitive or memory enhancement, most available research suggest exercising caution in their recommendation as much more research is necessary A32981, A32982.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 129.114
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Some studies have determined that the specific half-life of the N-terminal glutamic acid is about 9 months in a pH 4.1 buffer at 45 degrees Celsius [A33004].
Volume Distribusi Readily available data regarding the volume of distribution of pidolic acid is not available.
Klirens (Clearance) Readily available data regarding the clearance of pidolic acid is not available.

Absorpsi

In skin conditioning agents, it has been observed that the percutaneous absorption of 5, 10, and 20% sodium pidolic acid through human skin was 5.97, 6.78, and 5.89%, respectively F53.

Metabolisme

In living cells, various metabolic pathways involving pidolic acid exist: (a) glutamyl/glutaminyl (amino acid) n is converted to pyroglutamyl- (amino acid) n by glutaminyl cyclase, pyroglutamyl- (amino acid) n is then metabolised to pyroglutamic acid (pidolic acid) by pyroglutamyl peptidase; (b) via the gamma-Glutamyl cycle, gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase generates gamma-Glutamyl amino acid which is metabolised to pyroglutamic acid via gamma-Glutamyl cyclotransferase; (c) glutamate via gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase or Glutamine synthetase or Glutamate 5-kinase metabolism generates gamma-Glutamyl phosphate which itself can be converted to pyroglutamic acid; and (d) glutamate or glutamine can be non-enzymatically converted to pyroglutamic acid L2731. Finally, pyroglutamic acid (or pidolic acid) itself is metabolized to glutamate via the 5-Oxoprolinase enzyme L2731.

Rute Eliminasi

In the dog animal model, it was determined that 30% of an absorbed oral administration of pidolic acid was excreted unchanged in the urine and the remainder converted to urea F53.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data
Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Pancreatic alpha-amylase AMY2A
Alpha-amylase 2B AMY2B
Vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form VEGFA
Immunoglobulin lambda constant 1 IGLC1
Immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8 IGLV2-8
Trefoil factor 2 TFF2
Cytochrome c2 cycA
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 28 ADAM28
Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase
Copper-containing nitrite reductase nir
Keratin-associated protein 5-2 KRTAP5-2
Hypocretin neuropeptide precursor HCRT
C-C motif chemokine 8 CCL8
Cytochrome c'

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: John G. Black, Ian R. Scott, "Pyroglutamic acid esters, their synthesis and use in topical products." U.S. Patent US4774255, issued December, 1974.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 16251490
    McDougall GJ Jr, Austin-Wells V, Zimmerman T: Utility of nutraceutical products marketed for cognitive and memory enhancement. J Holist Nurs. 2005 Dec;23(4):415-33. doi: 10.1177/0898010105280097.
  • PMID: 24391398
    Dellavecchia MJ: Inaccurate serelaxin chemical structure. P T. 2013 Dec;38(12):763.
  • PMID: 18979624
    Schilling S, Wasternack C, Demuth HU: Glutaminyl cyclases from animals and plants: a case of functionally convergent protein evolution. Biol Chem. 2008 Aug;389(8):983-91. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.111.
  • PMID: 26343
    Podell DN, Abraham GN: A technique for the removal of pyroglutamic acid from the amino terminus of proteins using calf liver pyroglutamate amino peptidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Mar 15;81(1):176-85.
  • PMID: 24111553
    Liss DB, Paden MS, Schwarz ES, Mullins ME: What is the clinical significance of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) in high anion gap metabolic acidosis following paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure? Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Nov;51(9):817-27. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2013.844822. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
  • PMID: 16579622
    Chelius D, Jing K, Lueras A, Rehder DS, Dillon TM, Vizel A, Rajan RS, Li T, Treuheit MJ, Bondarenko PV: Formation of pyroglutamic acid from N-terminal glutamic acid in immunoglobulin gamma antibodies. Anal Chem. 2006 Apr 1;78(7):2370-6. doi: 10.1021/ac051827k.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 4 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • 2% Salicylic Acid FACIAL CLEANSER
    Liquid • - • Topical • US • OTC
  • Cleansing Foaming Gel Acne Pro Skin
    Gel • - • Topical • US • OTC
  • Lacticare Lot
    Lotion • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Mag 2 Pwr 1.5gm/pck
    Powder • 1.5 g / pck • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
© 2025 Digital Pharmacy Research - Universitas Esa Unggul