Peringatan Keamanan

The administration of taurine has been correlatefd to significant in the hypothalamus and the modification of neuroendocrine functions. Other than that, taurine administration in regular doses is reported by different articles and institutions to be safe.A31406

Taurine

DB01956

small molecule approved nutraceutical

Deskripsi

Taurine, whose chemical name is 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is one of the most abundant amino acids in several organs. It plays important role in essential biological processes.A31396 This conditional amino acid can be either be manufactured by the body or obtained in the diet mainly by the consumption of fish and meat.L1058 The supplements containing taurine were FDA approved by 1984 and they are hypertonic injections composed by cristalline amino acids.FDA label

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 125.147
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Oral administration of taurine in healthy individuals gave a plasma elimination half-life that ranged from 0.7-1.4 h.[A31400]
Volume Distribusi The distribution of taurine was studied under the two-compartment model and each one of the compartments gave a range for the volume of distribution of 299-353 ml/kg in compartment 1 and 4608-8374 ml/kg in compartment 2 in mice.[A31399] Further studies in healthy indivudals gave a volume of distribution that ranged from 19.8 to 40.7 L.[A31400]
Klirens (Clearance) The clearance rate of orally administered taurine was reported to be dose-dependent wherein a dose of 1 mg/kg it presents a clearance rate of 11.7 ml min/kg, 10 mg/kg generates a clearance rate of 18.7 ml min/kg and a dose of 30 mg/kg reports a clearance rate of 9.4 ml min/kg.[A31399] Further studies in healthy individuals generate a clearance rate that ranged from 14 to 34.4 L/h.[A31400]

Absorpsi

Oral administration of taurine was studied and it reported dose-dependent values of AUC, Cmax and tmax wherein a dose of 1-30 mg/kg ranged from 89-3452 mcg min/L, 2-15.7 mcg min/ml and 15 min respectively.A31399 Further studies in healthy individuals gave an AUC, Cmax and tmax in the range of 116-284.5 mg h/L, 59-112.6 mg/L and 1-2.5 h.A31400

Metabolisme

Taurine can be metabolized by diverse organisms to form different types of metabolites derived from the original form of taurine. In the human, the pathways that form the metabolism of taurine are divided in the formation of 5-glutamyl-taurine by the action of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 or the formation of taurocholate by the action of the bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase.L1060

Rute Eliminasi

Taurine flows and gets distributed in veins and arteries and reports have observed the presence of a significant released of taurine in portally drained viscera, thus suggesting that the main elimination route of taurine is by the gut. This elimination route may be explained by the enterohepatic cycle of taurine.A31404

Interaksi Obat

0 Data
Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B GRIN2B
Glycine receptor subunit beta GLRB
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 GLRA2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 GLRA3
GABA(A) Receptor GABRA1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 GABBR1
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 GLRA1
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent taurine dioxygenase tauD
Choloylglycine hydrolase cbh

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 16478528
    Olson JE, Martinho E Jr: Regulation of taurine transport in rat hippocampal neurons by hypo-osmotic swelling. J Neurochem. 2006 Mar;96(5):1375-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03652.x.
  • PMID: 23170060
    Ripps H, Shen W: Review: taurine: a "very essential" amino acid. Mol Vis. 2012;18:2673-86. Epub 2012 Nov 12.
  • PMID: 29038364
    Nielsen CU, Bjerg M, Ulaganathan N, Holm R: Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of taurine in sprague-dawley rats: the influence of dose and the possible involvement of the proton-coupled amino acid transporter, PAT1, in oral taurine absorption. Physiol Rep. 2017 Oct;5(19). pii: 5/19/e13467. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13467. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
  • PMID: 22331997
    Ghandforoush-Sattari M, Mashayekhi S, Krishna CV, Thompson JP, Routledge PA: Pharmacokinetics of oral taurine in healthy volunteers. J Amino Acids. 2010;2010:346237. doi: 10.4061/2010/346237. Epub 2010 Jun 29.
  • PMID: 22304837
    van Stijn MF, Vermeulen MA, Siroen MP, Wong LN, van den Tol MP, Ligthart-Melis GC, Houdijk AP, van Leeuwen PA: Human taurine metabolism: fluxes and fractional extraction rates of the gut, liver, and kidneys. Metabolism. 2012 Jul;61(7):1036-40. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.12.005. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
  • PMID: 25545282
    Tang DQ, Li YJ, Li Z, Bian TT, Chen K, Zheng XX, Yu YY, Jiang SS: Study on the interaction of plasma protein binding rate between edaravone and taurine in human plasma based on HPLC analysis coupled with ultrafiltration technique. Biomed Chromatogr. 2015 Aug;29(8):1137-45. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3401. Epub 2014 Dec 26.
  • PMID: 508122
    Mantovani J, DeVivo DC: Effects of taurine on seizures and growth hormone release in epileptic patients. Arch Neurol. 1979 Nov;36(11):672-4.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 28 • International brands: 0
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Menampilkan 8 dari 28 produk.

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