Camphor

DB01744

small molecule approved withdrawn

Deskripsi

Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially Cinnamomum camphora. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent. When ingested, camphor has a rapid onset of toxic effects, and camphorated oil is the product most often responsible for its toxicity. The FDA ruled that camphorated oil could not be marketed in the United States and that no product could contain a concentration higher than 11%. It appears in the list of drug products withdrawn or removed from the market for safety or effectiveness.A254252,L43942 However, camphor can be found in several nonprescription medications at lower concentrations.^A254252

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 152.2334

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Data absorpsi tidak tersedia.

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 TRPV1

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3 TRPV3

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 TRPA1

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 TRPM8

Camphor 5-monooxygenase camC

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Gerard Lang, Serge Forestier, Alain LaGrange, "Derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, process for their preparation and their use as protective agents against UV rays and as medicaments." U.S. Patent US4710584, issued January, 1984.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 15219304
Love JN, Sammon M, Smereck J: Are one or two dangerous? Camphor exposure in toddlers. J Emerg Med. 2004 Jul;27(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.02.010.

Link

Code of Federal Regulations 216.24: Drug products withdrawn or removed from the market for reasons of safety or effectiveness.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 616 • International brands: 0

Produk

365 Medicated Lip Balm

Stick • 0.0578 g/4.25g • Topical • US • OTC
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Ointment • - • Topical • US • OTC
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Salve • - • Topical • US • OTC
AIM Muscle Pain Relief Cream

Cream • - • Topical • US • OTC
Air Salonpas

Aerosol, spray • - • Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal • US • OTC
Amoray Care Chest Rub

Gel • - • Topical • US • OTC
amoray premium Vaporizing Inhaler

Liquid • 13 mg/1 • Nasal • US • OTC
Amrut Balm

Ointment • - • Topical • US • OTC

Menampilkan 8 dari 616 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.