Peringatan Keamanan

Dextroamphetamine has been shown to be teratogenic and embryotoxic in mice at 41 times the maximum human dose.Label These effects were not seen in rat or rabbit studies, and the effects on human pregnancy have not been studied.Label The risk and benefit of use during pregnancy should be weighed as bone deformities, tracheoesophageal fistula, anal atresia, low birthweight, and withdrawl have been reported in the children of mothers who were taking dextroamphetamine during pregnancy.Label Mothers should not take amphetamines while nursing as the drug is excreted in breast milk.Label Long term effects of dextroamphetamine have not bee determined in pediatric patients and dextroamphetamine should be avoided in children under 3 years.Label

Dextroamphetamine

DB01576

small molecule approved illicit

Deskripsi

Dextroamphetamine is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of amphetamine^A2505. Dextroamphetamine was approved by the FDA in 2001 for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorderL6010,Label.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 135.2062

Wujud liquid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 11.75 hours.[Label] In a study of post-stroke patients the half life was 16.0 hours in females and 12.4 hours in males.[A2505] Studies in healthy populations show a half life of 7.9 hours.[A177247]

Volume Distribusi 195L.[A177247]

Klirens (Clearance) 17L/h.[A177247]

Absorpsi

Bioavailability data of dextroamphetamine is not readily available, however there is no difference in bioavailability when taken with or without a meal.Label

Metabolisme

Dextroamphetamine is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 2D6 in the liver to 4-hydroxyamphetamine and later conjugated by sulfotransferase or glucoronyltransferase.^A174292

Rute Eliminasi

A third of the drug is eliminated renally.^A2505

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data

1. Avoid fruit juice. Fruit juice may acidify the gastrointestinal tract, decreasing absorption of amphetamines.

Interaksi Obat

1177 Data

Valsartan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Valsartan.
Ramipril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ramipril.
Remikiren	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Remikiren.
Torasemide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Torasemide.
Isradipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Isradipine.
Olmesartan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Olmesartan.
Chlorthalidone	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Chlorthalidone.
Nitroprusside	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitroprusside.
Diltiazem	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diltiazem.
Minoxidil	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Minoxidil.
Treprostinil	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Treprostinil.
Amlodipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Amlodipine.
Nimodipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nimodipine.
Nisoldipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nisoldipine.
Bendroflumethiazide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bendroflumethiazide.
Fosinopril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fosinopril.
Trandolapril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trandolapril.
Metolazone	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Metolazone.
Benazepril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Benazepril.
Bosentan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bosentan.
Enalapril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalapril.
Cyclothiazide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cyclothiazide.
Candoxatril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candoxatril.
Mecamylamine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Mecamylamine.
Losartan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Losartan.
Moexipril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Moexipril.
Eplerenone	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Eplerenone.
Lisinopril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lisinopril.
Nitroglycerin	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitroglycerin.
Metyrosine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Metyrosine.
Hydroflumethiazide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hydroflumethiazide.
Cryptenamine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cryptenamine.
Perindopril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Perindopril.
Candesartan cilexetil	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candesartan cilexetil.
Fenoldopam	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fenoldopam.
Indapamide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Indapamide.
Tadalafil	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tadalafil.
Eprosartan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Eprosartan.
Chlorothiazide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Chlorothiazide.
Quinapril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Telmisartan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Telmisartan.
Methyldopa	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Methyldopa.
Hydrochlorothiazide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hydrochlorothiazide.
Trichlormethiazide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trichlormethiazide.
Irbesartan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Irbesartan.
Nitrendipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitrendipine.
Deserpidine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Deserpidine.
Pentolinium	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Pentolinium.
Trimethaphan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trimethaphan.
Diazoxide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diazoxide.
Captopril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Captopril.
Epoprostenol	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Epoprostenol.
Hydralazine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hydralazine.
Polythiazide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Polythiazide.
Cilazapril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cilazapril.
Saprisartan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Saprisartan.
Spirapril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Spirapril.
Tienilic acid	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tienilic acid.
Debrisoquine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Debrisoquine.
Sitaxentan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Sitaxentan.
Ambrisentan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ambrisentan.
Diethylnorspermine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diethylnorspermine.
Nilvadipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nilvadipine.
Pinacidil	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Pinacidil.
Temocapril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Temocapril.
Riociguat	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Riociguat.
Macitentan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Macitentan.
Hexamethonium	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hexamethonium.
Aliskiren	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Aliskiren.
Nicorandil	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nicorandil.
Efonidipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Efonidipine.
Lacidipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lacidipine.
Rauwolfia serpentina root	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Enalaprilat	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat.
Selexipag	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Selexipag.
Angiotensin 1-7	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Angiotensin 1-7.
Imidapril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Imidapril.
BQ-123	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of BQ-123.
Cicletanine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cicletanine.
Dihydralazine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Dihydralazine.
Zofenopril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Zofenopril.
Guanoxan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoxan.
Delapril	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Delapril.
Vincamine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Vincamine.
Linsidomine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Linsidomine.
Guanoxabenz	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoxabenz.
Tolonidine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tolonidine.
Endralazine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Endralazine.
Cadralazine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cadralazine.
Cyclopenthiazide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cyclopenthiazide.
Bietaserpine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bietaserpine.
Guanazodine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanazodine.
Methoserpidine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Methoserpidine.
Guanoclor	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoclor.
Muzolimine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Muzolimine.
Xipamide	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Xipamide.
Candesartan	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candesartan.
Dexniguldipine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Dexniguldipine.
Tocopherylquinone	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tocopherylquinone.
Benazeprilat	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Benazeprilat.

Target Protein

Synaptic vesicular amine transporter SLC18A2

Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2

Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter SLC6A3

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 TAAR1

Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor ADRA1B

Alpha adrenergic receptor ADRA1A

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Nabenhauer, F.P.; US. Patent 2,276,508; March 17,1942; assigned to Smith, Kline & French Laboratories.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 14871155
de la Torre R, Farre M, Navarro M, Pacifici R, Zuccaro P, Pichini S: Clinical pharmacokinetics of amfetamine and related substances: monitoring in conventional and non-conventional matrices. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(3):157-85. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200443030-00002.
PMID: 26607447
Saunders C, Galli A: Insights in how amphetamine ROCKs (Rho-associated containing kinase) membrane protein trafficking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Dec 22;112(51):15538-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1520960112. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
PMID: 28936175
Dolder PC, Strajhar P, Vizeli P, Hammann F, Odermatt A, Liechti ME: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lisdexamfetamine Compared with D-Amphetamine in Healthy Subjects. Front Pharmacol. 2017 Sep 7;8:617. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00617. eCollection 2017.
PMID: 23699503
Calipari ES, Ferris MJ: Amphetamine mechanisms and actions at the dopamine terminal revisited. J Neurosci. 2013 May 22;33(21):8923-5. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1033-13.2013.
PMID: 14520168
Martinsson L, Yang X, Beck O, Wahlgren NG, Eksborg S: Pharmacokinetics of dexamphetamine in acute stroke. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2003 Sep-Oct;26(5):270-6.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 1118 • International brands: 2

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Menampilkan 8 dari 1118 produk.

International Brands

Attentin — Medice
Dexamphetamine — Sigma

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.