Dihydrocodeine

DB01551

small molecule approved illicit

Deskripsi

Dihydrocodeine is an opioid analgesic used as an alternative or adjunct to codeine to treat moderate to severe pain, severe dyspnea, and cough.

It is semi-synthetic, and was developed in Germany in 1908 during an international search to find a more effective antitussive agent to help reduce the spread of airborne infectious diseases such as tuburculosis. It was marketed in 1911.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 301.3801
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 4h
Volume Distribusi The disposition of dihydrocodeine is described as a two compartment model. [2]
Klirens (Clearance) Plasma clearance is approximately 300ml/min. [2] The pharmacokinetics of dihydrocodeine and active metabolite dihydromorphine have been reported to be linear. [1] The decline in plasma dihydrocodeine concentrations after intravenous administration has been described as bi-exponential, with a sleep decline in the initial 2h following administration, followed by a mono-exponential decline thereafter. Clearance was not dose dependent. [2]

Absorpsi

Bioavailability is low (approximately 20%) if administered orally. This may be due to poor gastrointestinal absorption. It is also likely due to pre-systemic metabolism by the liver and intestinal wall. 2 The AUCs after oral and intravenous administration are similar (3203ug/l/h and 3401ug/l/h, respectively). 2 Time to peak values are 1.6 and 1.8hours for a 30mg and 60mg dose, respectively. The concentrations achieved were 71.8 ug/1 and 146 ug/1, respectively. 2

Metabolisme

Metabolized in the liver by CYP 2D6 into an active metabolite, dihydromorphine, and by CYP 3A4 into secondary primary metabolite, nordihydrocodeine. A third primary metabolite is dihydrocodeine-6-glucuronide. 1 The time for mean peak concentration in acid metabolites is 1.76h and 1.98h for a 30 and 60mg dose, respectively. The concentrations achieved were 563 ug/1 and 1476 ug/1, respectively. 2

Rute Eliminasi

Renal elimination and urinary excretion. 1

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Avoid alcohol. Alcohol can enhance the CNS depressant effects of this drug.

Interaksi Obat

1177 Data
Buprenorphine Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine.
Doxylamine Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Dronabinol Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Droperidol Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Hydrocodone Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.
Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Magnesium sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Dihydrocodeine can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate.
Methotrimeprazine Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine.
Metyrosine Dihydrocodeine may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine.
Minocycline Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Nabilone Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Orphenadrine Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine.
Paraldehyde Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde.
Perampanel Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Pramipexole Dihydrocodeine may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole.
Ropinirole Dihydrocodeine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Rotigotine Dihydrocodeine may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine.
Rufinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Sodium oxybate Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Sodium oxybate.
Suvorexant Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant.
Tapentadol Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Thalidomide Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide.
Zolpidem Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem.
Alvimopan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Alvimopan.
Desmopressin The risk or severity of hyponatremia can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Desmopressin.
Morphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Morphine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Codeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Codeine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Hydromorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydromorphone is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Oxycodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxycodone is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Dextropropoxyphene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dextropropoxyphene is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Naltrexone The therapeutic efficacy of Dihydrocodeine can be decreased when used in combination with Naltrexone.
Sufentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sufentanil is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Levorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Levorphanol is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Remifentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Remifentanil is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Diphenoxylate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diphenoxylate is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Oxymorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxymorphone is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Dezocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dezocine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Methadyl acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methadyl acetate is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Dihydroetorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydroetorphine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Diamorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diamorphine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Bezitramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bezitramide is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Ethylmorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ethylmorphine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Etorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etorphine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Dextromoramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dextromoramide is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Desomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desomorphine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Carfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carfentanil is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Alphacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Alphacetylmethadol.
Dihydromorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Dihydromorphine.
Ketobemidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Ketobemidone.
DPDPE The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with DPDPE.
Lofentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Lofentanil.
Opium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Opium.
Normethadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Normethadone.
Piritramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Piritramide.
Alphaprodine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Alphaprodine.
Nicomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Nicomorphine.
Meptazinol The therapeutic efficacy of Dihydrocodeine can be decreased when used in combination with Meptazinol.
Phenoperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Phenoperidine.
Phenazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Phenazocine.
Tilidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Tilidine.
Carfentanil, C-11 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Carfentanil, C-11.
Benzhydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Benzhydrocodone.
Meperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Meperidine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Alfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alfentanil is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Fentanyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fentanyl is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Naloxegol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Naloxegol.
Pegvisomant The therapeutic efficacy of Pegvisomant can be decreased when used in combination with Dihydrocodeine.
Succinylcholine The risk or severity of bradycardia can be increased when Succinylcholine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Methadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methadone is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Linezolid The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Linezolid is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Mirabegron The serum concentration of Dihydrocodeine can be increased when it is combined with Mirabegron.
Mirtazapine Dihydrocodeine may increase the serotonergic activities of Mirtazapine.
Fluvoxamine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Fluvoxamine.
Citalopram The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Citalopram.
Duloxetine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Duloxetine.
Sertraline The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Sertraline.
Sibutramine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Sibutramine.
Zimelidine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Zimelidine.
Dapoxetine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Dapoxetine.
Milnacipran The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Milnacipran.
Desvenlafaxine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Desvenlafaxine is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Seproxetine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Seproxetine.
Levomilnacipran The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Levomilnacipran.
Indalpine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Indalpine.
Ritanserin The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Ritanserin.
Alaproclate The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Alaproclate.
Paroxetine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Paroxetine.
Ethanol Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Ethanol.
Azelastine Dihydrocodeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Azelastine.
Brimonidine Brimonidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Phentermine Phentermine may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Benzphetamine Benzphetamine may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Diethylpropion Diethylpropion may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Lisdexamfetamine The risk or severity of serotonin syndrome can be increased when Dihydrocodeine is combined with Lisdexamfetamine.
Mephentermine Mephentermine may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.
MMDA MMDA may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.
Midomafetamine Midomafetamine may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may increase the analgesic activities of Dihydrocodeine.

Target Protein

Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Igor Likhotvorik, "Preparation of dihydrocodeine from codeine." U.S. Patent US06887999, issued May 03, 2005.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 10510141
    Ammon S, Hofmann U, Griese EU, Gugeler N, Mikus G: Pharmacokinetics of dihydrocodeine and its active metabolite after single and multiple oral dosing. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Sep;48(3):317-22.
  • PMID: 6628531
    Rowell FJ, Seymour RA, Rawlins MD: Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral dihydrocodeine and its acid metabolites. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;25(3):419-24.
  • PMID: 12665158
    Schmidt H, Vormfelde SV, Walchner-Bonjean M, Klinder K, Freudenthaler S, Gleiter CH, Gundert-Remy U, Skopp G, Aderjan R, Fuhr U: The role of active metabolites in dihydrocodeine effects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Mar;41(3):95-106.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 35 • International brands: 7
Produk
  • Acetaminophen, Caffeine and Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate
    Tablet • - • Oral • US • Approved
  • Acetaminophen, Caffeine and Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate
    Tablet • - • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Acetaminophen, Caffeine and Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate
    Tablet • - • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Acetaminophen, Caffeine and Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate
    Tablet • - • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate
    Capsule • - • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate
    Capsule • - • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate
    Capsule • - • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate
    Capsule • - • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 35 produk.
International Brands
  • Codidol
  • Contugesic
  • Dehace
  • DF-118 Forte
  • Dicogesic
  • Hydrocodin
  • Remedacen

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