Difenoxin is a 4-phenylpiperidine which is closely related to the opioid analgesic meperidine. Difenoxin alone is a USA Schedule I controlled drug, as it may be habit forming. However, it is listed as a Schedule IV controlled drug if combined with atropine, which is added to decrease deliberate misuse. Motofen(R) is a brand mixture which combines atropine sulfate and difenoxin hydrochloride. It is approved by the FDA to treat acute and chronic diarrhea.
Difenoxin is an active metabolite of the anti-diarrheal drug, diphenoxylate, which is also used in combination with atropine in the brand mixture Lomotil(R). It works mostly in the periphery and activates opioid receptors in the intestine rather than the central nervous system (CNS). 3 Difenoxin is also closely related to loperamide, but unlike loperamide it is still capable of crossing the blood brain barrier to produce weak sedative and analgesic effects. However, the antidiarrheal potency of difenoxin is much greater than its CNS effects, which makes it an attractive alternative to other opioids.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Buprenorphine | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine. |
| Doxylamine | Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Dronabinol | Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Droperidol | Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Hydrocodone | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone. |
| Hydroxyzine | Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Magnesium sulfate | The therapeutic efficacy of Difenoxin can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate. |
| Methotrimeprazine | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine. |
| Metyrosine | Difenoxin may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine. |
| Minocycline | Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Mirtazapine | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine. |
| Nabilone | Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Orphenadrine | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine. |
| Paraldehyde | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Perampanel | Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Pramipexole | Difenoxin may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole. |
| Ropinirole | Difenoxin may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole. |
| Rotigotine | Difenoxin may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine. |
| Rufinamide | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Sodium oxybate | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Sodium oxybate. |
| Suvorexant | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant. |
| Tapentadol | Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Thalidomide | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide. |
| Zolpidem | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem. |
| Methadone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methadone is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Ethanol | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Ethanol. |
| Azelastine | Difenoxin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Azelastine. |
| Brimonidine | Brimonidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Fluvoxamine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Fluvoxamine. |
| Citalopram | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Citalopram. |
| Duloxetine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Duloxetine. |
| Trazodone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Trazodone. |
| Paroxetine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Paroxetine. |
| Sertraline | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Sertraline. |
| Sibutramine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Sibutramine. |
| Nefazodone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Nefazodone. |
| Escitalopram | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Escitalopram. |
| Zimelidine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Zimelidine. |
| Dapoxetine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Dapoxetine. |
| Milnacipran | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Milnacipran. |
| Desvenlafaxine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Desvenlafaxine. |
| Seproxetine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Seproxetine. |
| Indalpine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Indalpine. |
| Ritanserin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Ritanserin. |
| Alaproclate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Alaproclate. |
| Amitriptyline | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Amitriptyline is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Cyproheptadine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cyproheptadine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Imipramine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Imipramine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Nortriptyline | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Nortriptyline is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Amoxapine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Amoxapine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Propiomazine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Propiomazine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Maprotiline | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Maprotiline is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Doxepin | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Doxepin is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Desipramine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Desipramine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Pizotifen | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Pizotifen. |
| Dosulepin | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Dosulepin. |
| Zopiclone | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Difenoxin is combined with Zopiclone. |
| Botulinum toxin type B | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Botulinum toxin type B is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Botulinum toxin type A | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Botulinum toxin type A is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Tryptophan | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Tryptophan is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Baclofen | Baclofen may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Difenoxin. |
| Lorazepam | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Lorazepam is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Ethchlorvynol | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Ethchlorvynol is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Succinylcholine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Succinylcholine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Reserpine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Reserpine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Eletriptan | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Eletriptan is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Enflurane | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Enflurane is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Temazepam | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Reboxetine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Reboxetine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Butabarbital | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Butabarbital is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Butalbital | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Butalbital is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Methysergide | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Methysergide is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Cabergoline | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cabergoline is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Phenytoin | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Phenytoin is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Topiramate | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Topiramate is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Clemastine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Clemastine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Venlafaxine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Venlafaxine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Etomidate | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Etomidate is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Morphine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Morphine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Talbutal | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Talbutal is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Pentobarbital | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Pentobarbital is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Valproic acid | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Valproic acid is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Zolmitriptan | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Zolmitriptan is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Codeine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Codeine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Dihydroergotamine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Dihydroergotamine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Tolcapone | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Tolcapone is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Hydromorphone | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Hydromorphone is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Olanzapine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Olanzapine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Cetirizine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cetirizine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Protriptyline | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Protriptyline is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Trimethadione | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Trimethadione is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Clobazam | The risk or severity of sedation, somnolence, and CNS depression can be increased when Clobazam is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Chlorzoxazone | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Chlorzoxazone is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Clozapine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Clozapine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Meprobamate | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Meprobamate is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Thiethylperazine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Thiethylperazine is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Palonosetron | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Palonosetron is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Sulpiride | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Sulpiride is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Alprazolam | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Alprazolam is combined with Difenoxin. |
| Dexbrompheniramine | The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Dexbrompheniramine is combined with Difenoxin. |