Peringatan Keamanan

Ingestion of Bufo toad venom and eggs by humans has resulted in several reported cases of poisoning, some of which resulted in death. The acute toxicity of bufotenin in rodents has been calculated to have an LD50 of between 200 and 300 mg/kg, which by comparison, is comparable to the LD50 for intravenous morphine (200-300 mg/kg) in mice. Respiratory arrest may occur, possibly leading to death.

Bufotenine

DB01445

small molecule experimental illicit

Deskripsi

A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 204.2682
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Rapidly absorbed following intravenous administration.

Metabolisme

Upon oral administration, bufotenine is extensively metabolized by monoamine oxidase enzymes.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

674 Data
Buprenorphine Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine.
Doxylamine Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Dronabinol Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Droperidol Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Hydrocodone Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.
Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Magnesium sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Bufotenine can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate.
Methotrimeprazine Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine.
Metyrosine Bufotenine may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine.
Minocycline Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Mirtazapine Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine.
Nabilone Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Orphenadrine Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine.
Paraldehyde Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde.
Perampanel Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Pramipexole Bufotenine may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole.
Ropinirole Bufotenine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.
Rotigotine Bufotenine may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine.
Rufinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Bufotenine.
Sodium oxybate Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Sodium oxybate.
Suvorexant Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant.
Tapentadol Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Thalidomide Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide.
Zolpidem Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem.
Methadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methadone is combined with Bufotenine.
Ethanol Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Ethanol.
Azelastine Bufotenine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Azelastine.
Brimonidine Brimonidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Dapoxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Dapoxetine.
Seproxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Seproxetine.
Fluvoxamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Fluvoxamine.
Citalopram The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Citalopram.
Duloxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Duloxetine.
Trazodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Trazodone.
Paroxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Paroxetine.
Sertraline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Sertraline.
Sibutramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Sibutramine.
Nefazodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Nefazodone.
Escitalopram The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Escitalopram.
Milnacipran The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Milnacipran.
Desvenlafaxine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Desvenlafaxine.
Levomilnacipran The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Levomilnacipran.
Indalpine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Indalpine.
Ritanserin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Ritanserin.
Alaproclate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Alaproclate.
Cyproheptadine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cyproheptadine is combined with Bufotenine.
Propiomazine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Propiomazine is combined with Bufotenine.
Zopiclone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bufotenine is combined with Zopiclone.
Botulinum toxin type B The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Botulinum toxin type B is combined with Bufotenine.
Botulinum toxin type A The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Botulinum toxin type A is combined with Bufotenine.
Baclofen Baclofen may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Bufotenine.
Ethchlorvynol The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Ethchlorvynol is combined with Bufotenine.
Succinylcholine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Succinylcholine is combined with Bufotenine.
Eletriptan The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Eletriptan is combined with Bufotenine.
Enflurane The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Enflurane is combined with Bufotenine.
Butabarbital The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Butabarbital is combined with Bufotenine.
Butalbital The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Butalbital is combined with Bufotenine.
Methysergide The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Methysergide is combined with Bufotenine.
Cabergoline The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cabergoline is combined with Bufotenine.
Phenytoin The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Phenytoin is combined with Bufotenine.
Topiramate The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Topiramate is combined with Bufotenine.
Clemastine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Clemastine is combined with Bufotenine.
Etomidate The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Etomidate is combined with Bufotenine.
Morphine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Morphine is combined with Bufotenine.
Talbutal The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Talbutal is combined with Bufotenine.
Pentobarbital The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Pentobarbital is combined with Bufotenine.
Zolmitriptan The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Zolmitriptan is combined with Bufotenine.
Codeine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Codeine is combined with Bufotenine.
Dihydroergotamine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Dihydroergotamine is combined with Bufotenine.
Tolcapone The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Tolcapone is combined with Bufotenine.
Hydromorphone The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Hydromorphone is combined with Bufotenine.
Cetirizine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cetirizine is combined with Bufotenine.
Trimethadione The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Trimethadione is combined with Bufotenine.
Chlorzoxazone The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Chlorzoxazone is combined with Bufotenine.
Thiethylperazine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Thiethylperazine is combined with Bufotenine.
Palonosetron The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Palonosetron is combined with Bufotenine.
Dexbrompheniramine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Dexbrompheniramine is combined with Bufotenine.
Metocurine iodide The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Metocurine iodide is combined with Bufotenine.
Secobarbital The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Secobarbital is combined with Bufotenine.
Methocarbamol The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Methocarbamol is combined with Bufotenine.
Triprolidine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Triprolidine is combined with Bufotenine.
Meperidine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Meperidine is combined with Bufotenine.
Metharbital The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Metharbital is combined with Bufotenine.
Quinine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Quinine is combined with Bufotenine.
Methohexital The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Methohexital is combined with Bufotenine.
Gallamine triethiodide The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Gallamine triethiodide is combined with Bufotenine.
Entacapone The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Entacapone is combined with Bufotenine.
Oxycodone The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Oxycodone is combined with Bufotenine.
Dextromethorphan The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Dextromethorphan is combined with Bufotenine.
Mephenytoin The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Mephenytoin is combined with Bufotenine.
Cisatracurium The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cisatracurium is combined with Bufotenine.
Fenfluramine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Fenfluramine is combined with Bufotenine.
Mazindol The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Mazindol is combined with Bufotenine.
Fluticasone propionate The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Fluticasone propionate is combined with Bufotenine.
Lisuride The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Lisuride is combined with Bufotenine.
Ethosuximide The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Ethosuximide is combined with Bufotenine.
Thiopental The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Thiopental is combined with Bufotenine.
Cisapride The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cisapride is combined with Bufotenine.
Butorphanol The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Butorphanol is combined with Bufotenine.
Paramethadione The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Paramethadione is combined with Bufotenine.

Target Protein

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D HTR1D
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A HTR2A
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 HTR6
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 HTR7
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A HTR5A

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 10350367
    Pomilio AB, Vitale AA, Ciprian-Ollivier J, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Gomez R, Vazquez G: Ayahoasca: an experimental psychosis that mirrors the transmethylation hypothesis of schizophrenia. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Apr;65(1):29-51.
  • PMID: 9468359
    Ciprian-Ollivier J, Cetkovich-Bakmas MG: Altered consciousness states and endogenous psychoses: a common molecular pathway? Schizophr Res. 1997 Dec 19;28(2-3):257-65.
  • PMID: 1058643
    Carpenter WT Jr, Fink EB, Narasimhachari N, Himwich HE: A test of the transmethylation hypothesis in acute schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1975 Oct;132(10):1067-71.
  • PMID: 8747157
    Takeda N, Ikeda R, Ohba K, Kondo M: Bufotenine reconsidered as a diagnostic indicator of psychiatric disorders. Neuroreport. 1995 Nov 27;6(17):2378-80.
  • PMID: 16732341
    Sponheim E, Myhre AM, Reichelt KL, Aalen OO: Urine peptide patterns in children with milder types of autism. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2006 May 25;126(11):1475-7.

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