Peringatan Keamanan

The oral LD50 of glucosamine in rats is >5000 mg/kg.L32684 Symptoms of an overdose with glucosamine may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (common side effects of this drug). Severe and life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to glucosamine may occur in patients with a shellfish allergy or asthma.L32774

Glucosamine

DB01296

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and degenerative joint disease marked by loss of cartilage, bone changes, and synovial membrane inflammation.A232289 Treatment with chondroprotective drugs, such as glucosamine sulfate may offer additional benefits to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treating the painful symptoms of OA. Glucosamine is commonly used over the counter as a treatment for arthritic joint pain, although its acceptance as a medical therapy varies due to contradictory and findings with unclear clinical significance during clinical trials.A231894,A232289 It is currently not approved as a prescription product by the FDA, but is widely available over the counter.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 179.1711
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The estimated half-life for glucosamine is 15 hours after an oral dose.[A232279] After a bolus intravenous injection of 1005 mg crystalline glucosamine sulfate, the parent drug has an apparent half life of 1.11 hours.[A232274]
Volume Distribusi Results of a pharmacokinetic study of 12 healthy volunteers receiving three daily consecutive oral administrations of glucosamine sulfate soluble powder demonstrated glucosamine distribution to extravascular compartments.[A232279] Human pharmacokinetic data for glucosamine is limited in the literature, however, a large animal model study of horses revealed a mean apparent volume of distribution of 15.4 L/kg. Concentrations of glucosamine ranged from 9-15 microM after an intravenous dose, and 0.3-0.7 microM after nasogastric dosing. These concentrations remained in the range of 0.1-0.7 microM in the majority of horses 12 hours after dosing,[A2356] suggesting effectiveness of a once-daily dose. In rats and dogs, radioactivity from a C-14 labeled dose of glucosamine is detected in the liver, kidneys, articular cartilage, and other areas.[A232274]
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

In a pharmacokinetic study, glucosamine was 88.7% absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. Absolute oral bioavailability was 44%, likely due to the hepatic first-pass effect.A232274 In a pharmacokinetic study of 12 healthy adults receiving oral crystalline glucosamine, plasma levels increased up to 30 times the baseline levels and Cmax was 10 microM with a 1,500 mg once-daily dose. Tmax was about 3 hours. AUC was 20,216 ± 5021 after a 15,000 mg dose.A232279

Metabolisme

Glucosamine undergoes metabolism in the liver.A232274 Metabolism information for glucosamine is limited in the literature.

Rute Eliminasi

Fecal excretion of glucosamine in a pharmacokinetic study was 11.3% within 120 hours after administration.A232279 Urinary elimination was found to be 1.19% within the first 8 hours post-administration.A232274

Interaksi Obat

49 Data
Abciximab Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Abciximab.
Eptifibatide Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Eptifibatide.
Ticlopidine Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ticlopidine.
Anagrelide Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Anagrelide.
Clopidogrel Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Clopidogrel.
Tirofiban Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tirofiban.
Pentoxifylline Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Pentoxifylline.
Acetylsalicylic acid Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Acetylsalicylic acid.
Dipyridamole Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Dipyridamole.
Sulfinpyrazone Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Sulfinpyrazone.
Cilostazol Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Cilostazol.
Ridogrel Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ridogrel.
Epoprostenol Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Epoprostenol.
Resveratrol Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Resveratrol.
Nimesulide Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Nimesulide.
Tesmilifene Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tesmilifene.
Defibrotide Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Defibrotide.
Beraprost Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Beraprost.
Ibudilast Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast.
Andrographolide Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Andrographolide.
Caplacizumab Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Caplacizumab.
Prasugrel Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Prasugrel.
Cangrelor Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Cangrelor.
Tranilast Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tranilast.
Triflusal Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Triflusal.
Ticagrelor Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ticagrelor.
Icosapent ethyl Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Icosapent ethyl.
Vorapaxar Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Vorapaxar.
Trapidil Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Trapidil.
Naftopidil Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Naftopidil.
Sarpogrelate Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Sarpogrelate.
Ifetroban Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ifetroban.
Nitroaspirin Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Nitroaspirin.
Indobufen Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Indobufen.
Butylphthalide Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Butylphthalide.
Hydroxytyrosol Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Hydroxytyrosol.
Ramatroban Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ramatroban.
Picotamide Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Picotamide.
Cloricromen Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Cloricromen.
Linsidomine Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Linsidomine.
Buflomedil Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Buflomedil.
Relcovaptan Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Relcovaptan.
Maritime pine extract Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Maritime pine extract.
Warfarin Glucosamine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Warfarin.
Acenocoumarol Glucosamine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.
(R)-warfarin Glucosamine may increase the anticoagulant activities of (R)-warfarin.
R,S-Warfarin alcohol Glucosamine may increase the anticoagulant activities of R,S-Warfarin alcohol.
S,R-Warfarin alcohol Glucosamine may increase the anticoagulant activities of S,R-Warfarin alcohol.
(S)-Warfarin Glucosamine may increase the anticoagulant activities of (S)-Warfarin.

Target Protein

Interleukin-1 beta IL1B
Interferon gamma IFNG
Transcription factor p65 RELA

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Yuichi Yamamura, Ichiro Azuma, Shigeru Kobayashi, "Glucosamine peptide derivatives, their production and use." U.S. Patent US4369178, issued July, 1978.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 15846645
    Towheed TE, Maxwell L, Anastassiades TP, Shea B, Houpt J, Robinson V, Hochberg MC, Wells G: Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD002946.
  • PMID: 11553646
    Roseman S: Reflections on glycobiology. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 9;276(45):41527-42. Epub 2001 Sep 11.
  • PMID: 13827775
    GHOSH S, BLUMENTHAL HJ, DAVIDSON E, ROSEMAN S: Glucosamine metabolism. V. Enzymatic synthesis of glucosamine 6-phosphate. J Biol Chem. 1960 May;235:1265-73.
  • PMID: 16339923
    Buse MG: Hexosamines, insulin resistance, and the complications of diabetes: current status. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jan;290(1):E1-E8.
  • PMID: 15641100
    Laverty S, Sandy JD, Celeste C, Vachon P, Marier JF, Plaas AH: Synovial fluid levels and serum pharmacokinetics in a large animal model following treatment with oral glucosamine at clinically relevant doses. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jan;52(1):181-91.
  • PMID: 19903416
    Black C, Clar C, Henderson R, MacEachern C, McNamee P, Quayyum Z, Royle P, Thomas S: The clinical effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements in slowing or arresting progression of osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2009 Nov;13(52):1-148. doi: 10.3310/hta13520.
  • PMID: 28144573
    Vasiliadis HS, Tsikopoulos K: Glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis. World J Orthop. 2017 Jan 18;8(1):1-11. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i1.1. eCollection 2017 Jan 18.
  • PMID: 12214321
    Adebowale A, Du J, Liang Z, Leslie JL, Eddington ND: The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate after single and multiple doses to beagle dogs. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2002 Sep;23(6):217-25. doi: 10.1002/bdd.315.
Menampilkan 8 dari 20 artikel.
Textbook
  • ISBN: 0-309-09110-1
    National Research Council; Institute of Medicine; Food and Nutrition Board; Board on Life Sciences; Committee on the Framework for Evaluating the Safety of the Dietary Supplements (2005). Dietary Supplements A Framework for Evaluating Safety:. National Academies Press (US).

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 18 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • arthronSAN
    Capsule • - • Oral • US
  • Bee Venom Joint And Bone Therapy Drops
    Liquid • - • Cutaneous • US • OTC
  • Cream
    Cream • - • Intra-articular • US • OTC
  • Cream
    Cream • - • Cutaneous • US • OTC
  • Frozen Shoulder Relief
    Cream • - • Topical • US • OTC
  • Gel
    Gel • - • Cutaneous • US • OTC
  • Glucosamine Sulfate, Chondroitin Sulfate, Ibuprofen
    Capsule • - • Oral • US • OTC
  • Lumbar Flexure Herbal Setting
    Plaster • - • Cutaneous • US • OTC
Menampilkan 8 dari 18 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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