In animal studies, exenatide was associated with fetal deformities of ribs and vertebrae as well as slowed growthLabel. In humans, uncontrolled hyperglycemia can be associated with an up to 25% risk of miscarriageLabel. No human studies in pregnancy have been performed with exenatide and so exenatide should only be prescribed in pregnancy if the benefit to the mother and fetus outweigh the risksLabel. In mice, exenatide is excreted in the milk at a concentration 2.5% of the plasma concentration though this data may not be applicable to humansLabel. The effect of exenatide on breastfed infants is also unknown and so the risk and benefit of breastfeeding while taking exenatide must be weighedLabel. There is no data for the use of exenatide in pediatric patientsLabel. Geriatric patients do not have different results for safety and efficacy of exenatide though caution should still be used in this group as they are at higher risk of renal impairment or other comorbidities that may affect the liklihood of adverse effectsLabel. No dosage adjustments are necessary for patients with creatinine clearance ?50mL/min, though prescribing to patients with creatinine clearance 30-50mL/min should be done cautiouslyLabel. Exenatide is not recommended for patients with creatinine clearance <30mL/minLabel. Hepatic impairment is not expected to affect clearance of exenatide though no studies have been performed to confirm thisLabel.
Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogL42690. It activates the GLP-1 receptor and increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying to improve glycemic controlL42690. Exenatide was given FDA approval on April 28, 2005L6106. It is available as immediate- and extended-release formulations.L42685,L42690 Bydureon, the brand name product of extended-release exenatide in an injectable suspension, was discontinued in 2021. Bydureon BCise, an auto-injector extended-release formulation, remains available.L42700
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Pegvisomant | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Pegvisomant is combined with Exenatide. |
| Diethylstilbestrol | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Diethylstilbestrol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Etonogestrel | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Etonogestrel resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Progesterone | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Progesterone resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Mestranol | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Mestranol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Estrone sulfate | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Estrone sulfate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Trestolone | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Trestolone resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Norelgestromin | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Norelgestromin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Hydroxyprogesterone caproate | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Ulipristal | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ulipristal resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Cloprostenol | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cloprostenol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Nomegestrol | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Nomegestrol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Gossypol | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Gossypol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Etynodiol | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Etynodiol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Testosterone enanthate | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Testosterone enanthate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Estradiol benzoate | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Estradiol benzoate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Estradiol cypionate | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Estradiol cypionate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Estradiol valerate | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Estradiol valerate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Norethindrone enanthate | Exenatide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Norethindrone enanthate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Dicoumarol | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Dicoumarol resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Phenindione | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Phenindione resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Warfarin | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Warfarin resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Phenprocoumon | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Phenprocoumon resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Acenocoumarol | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Acenocoumarol resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| 4-hydroxycoumarin | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of 4-hydroxycoumarin resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Coumarin | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Coumarin resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| (R)-warfarin | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of (R)-warfarin resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Ethyl biscoumacetate | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Ethyl biscoumacetate resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Fluindione | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Fluindione resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Clorindione | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Clorindione resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Diphenadione | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Diphenadione resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Tioclomarol | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of Tioclomarol resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| (S)-Warfarin | Exenatide can cause an increase in the absorption of (S)-Warfarin resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. |
| Lipoic acid | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Lipoic acid is combined with Exenatide. |
| Moxifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Moxifloxacin. |
| Grepafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Grepafloxacin. |
| Enoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Enoxacin. |
| Pefloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Pefloxacin. |
| Ciprofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Ciprofloxacin. |
| Trovafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Trovafloxacin. |
| Nalidixic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Nalidixic acid. |
| Rosoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Rosoxacin. |
| Cinoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Cinoxacin. |
| Lomefloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Lomefloxacin. |
| Gatifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Gatifloxacin. |
| Norfloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Norfloxacin. |
| Levofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Levofloxacin. |
| Gemifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Gemifloxacin. |
| Ofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Ofloxacin. |
| Sparfloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Temafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Temafloxacin. |
| Fleroxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Fleroxacin. |
| Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin. |
| Garenoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Garenoxacin. |
| Nemonoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Nemonoxacin. |
| Flumequine | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Flumequine. |
| Enrofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Enrofloxacin. |
| Orbifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Orbifloxacin. |
| Sarafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Sarafloxacin. |
| Difloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Difloxacin. |
| Pazufloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Pazufloxacin. |
| Prulifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Prulifloxacin. |
| Delafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Delafloxacin. |
| Sitafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Sitafloxacin. |
| Oxolinic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Oxolinic acid. |
| Rufloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Rufloxacin. |
| Pipemidic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Pipemidic acid. |
| Methyclothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Methyclothiazide. |
| Chlorthalidone | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorthalidone. |
| Bendroflumethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Bendroflumethiazide. |
| Metolazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Metolazone. |
| Benzthiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Benzthiazide. |
| Hydroflumethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroflumethiazide. |
| Indapamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Indapamide. |
| Chlorothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorothiazide. |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Hydrochlorothiazide. |
| Trichlormethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Trichlormethiazide. |
| Polythiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Polythiazide. |
| Quinethazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Quinethazone. |
| Cyclopenthiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Cyclopenthiazide. |
| Epitizide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be decreased when used in combination with Epitizide. |
| Amitriptyline | Amitriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Protriptyline | Protriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Imipramine | Imipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Nortriptyline | Nortriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Amoxapine | Amoxapine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Trimipramine | Trimipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Doxepin | Doxepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Desipramine | Desipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Clomipramine | Clomipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Amineptine | Amineptine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Dimetacrine | Dimetacrine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Butriptyline | Butriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Dosulepin | Dosulepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Tianeptine | Tianeptine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Oxaprotiline | Oxaprotiline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Opipramol | Opipramol may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Amitriptylinoxide | Amitriptylinoxide may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |
| Dibenzepin | Dibenzepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Exenatide. |