Single doses of sparfloxacin were relatively non-toxic via the oral route of administration in mice, rats, and dogs. No deaths occurred within a 14-day post-treatment observation period at the highest oral doses tested, up to 5000 mg/kg in either rodent species, or up to 600 mg/kg in the dog. Clinical signs observed included inactivity in mice and dogs, diarrhea in both rodent species, and vomiting, salivation, and tremors in dogs.
Sparfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated for bacterial infections. Sparfloxacin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a bacterial topoisomerase. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme which controls DNA topology and assists in DNA replication, repair, deactivation, and transcription.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Didanosine | Didanosine can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Probenecid | Probenecid may decrease the excretion rate of Sparfloxacin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Quinapril | Quinapril can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Calcium acetate | Calcium acetate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Sevelamer | Sevelamer can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Iron Dextran | Iron Dextran can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Calcium | Calcium can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Calcium carbonate | Calcium carbonate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Lanthanum carbonate | Lanthanum carbonate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Ferric carboxymaltose | Ferric carboxymaltose can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Iron sucrose | Iron sucrose can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Ferric pyrophosphate | Ferric pyrophosphate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Calcium citrate | Calcium citrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Calcium gluconate | Calcium gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Ferric sulfate | Ferric sulfate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Ferric cation | Ferric cation can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate | Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Lanthanum III cation | Lanthanum III cation can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Calcium polycarbophil | Calcium polycarbophil can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Ferric oxyhydroxide | Ferric oxyhydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Sucralfate | Sucralfate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. |
| Zolmitriptan | The metabolism of Zolmitriptan can be decreased when combined with Sparfloxacin. |
| Nitrofurantoin | The therapeutic efficacy of Sparfloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin. |
| Mycophenolic acid | The serum concentration of Mycophenolic acid can be decreased when it is combined with Sparfloxacin. |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | The serum concentration of Mycophenolate mofetil can be decreased when it is combined with Sparfloxacin. |
| Picosulfuric acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Picosulfuric acid can be decreased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin human | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin human can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin lispro | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin lispro can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin pork | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin pork can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Troglitazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Troglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Glimepiride | The therapeutic efficacy of Glimepiride can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Acarbose | The therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Metformin | The therapeutic efficacy of Metformin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Sulfadiazine | The therapeutic efficacy of Sulfadiazine can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Rosiglitazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Rosiglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Acetohexamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Acetohexamide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Miglitol | The therapeutic efficacy of Miglitol can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Chlorpropamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Chlorpropamide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Nateglinide | The therapeutic efficacy of Nateglinide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Tolazamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Tolazamide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Repaglinide | The therapeutic efficacy of Repaglinide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Phenformin | The therapeutic efficacy of Phenformin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Glyburide | The therapeutic efficacy of Glyburide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Glipizide | The therapeutic efficacy of Glipizide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Gliclazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Tolbutamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Tolbutamide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Pioglitazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Pioglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Bromocriptine | The therapeutic efficacy of Bromocriptine can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Gliquidone | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliquidone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Mitiglinide | The therapeutic efficacy of Mitiglinide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Sitagliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Sitagliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Exenatide | The therapeutic efficacy of Exenatide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Mecasermin | The therapeutic efficacy of Mecasermin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Pramlintide | The therapeutic efficacy of Pramlintide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Glisoxepide | The therapeutic efficacy of Glisoxepide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin aspart | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin aspart can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin glulisine | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin glulisine can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Glymidine | The therapeutic efficacy of Glymidine can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| AICA ribonucleotide | The therapeutic efficacy of AICA ribonucleotide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Buformin | The therapeutic efficacy of Buformin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Vildagliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Vildagliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Voglibose | The therapeutic efficacy of Voglibose can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| NN344 | The therapeutic efficacy of NN344 can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| AMG-222 | The therapeutic efficacy of AMG-222 can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Bisegliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Bisegliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Alogliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Alogliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Dapagliflozin | The therapeutic efficacy of Dapagliflozin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Saxagliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Saxagliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Liraglutide | The therapeutic efficacy of Liraglutide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Gosogliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gosogliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Linagliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Linagliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Canagliflozin | The therapeutic efficacy of Canagliflozin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Glibornuride | The therapeutic efficacy of Glibornuride can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Benfluorex | The therapeutic efficacy of Benfluorex can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Empagliflozin | The therapeutic efficacy of Empagliflozin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Albiglutide | The therapeutic efficacy of Albiglutide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Dulaglutide | The therapeutic efficacy of Dulaglutide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Lobeglitazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Lobeglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Netoglitazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Netoglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Rivoglitazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Rivoglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Ciglitazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Lixisenatide | The therapeutic efficacy of Lixisenatide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin beef | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin beef can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin degludec | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin degludec can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin peglispro | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin peglispro can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Insulin tregopil | The therapeutic efficacy of Insulin tregopil can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Ipragliflozin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ipragliflozin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Dutogliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Dutogliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Allicin | The therapeutic efficacy of Allicin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Tofogliflozin | The therapeutic efficacy of Tofogliflozin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| 2,4-thiazolidinedione | The therapeutic efficacy of 2,4-thiazolidinedione can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Teneligliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Teneligliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Omarigliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Omarigliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Carmegliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Carmegliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Gemigliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gemigliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Anagliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Anagliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Evogliptin | The therapeutic efficacy of Evogliptin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Sotagliflozin | The therapeutic efficacy of Sotagliflozin can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Balaglitazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Balaglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Remogliflozin etabonate | The therapeutic efficacy of Remogliflozin etabonate can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |