Mild and reversible nephrotoxicity may be observed in 5 - 25% of patients. Amikacin accumulates in proximal renal tubular cells. Tubular cell regeneration occurs despite continued drug exposure. Toxicity usually occurs several days following initiation of therapy. May cause irreversible ototoxicity. Otoxocity appears to be correlated to cumulative lifetime exposure. Drug accumulation in the endolymph and perilymph of the inner ear causes irreversible damage to hair cells of the cochlea or summit of ampullar cristae in the vestibular complex. High frequency hearing is lost first with progression leading to loss of low frequency hearing. Further toxicity may lead to retrograde degeneration of the 8th cranial (vestibulocochlear) nerve. Vestibular toxicity may cause vertigo, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and loss of balance.
Oral LD50 is 17500 mg/kg in mice, over 4 g/kg in rats, and over 3 g/kg in rabbits.
Kanamycin (also known as kanamycin A) is an aminoglycoside bacteriocidal antibiotic, available in oral, intravenous, and intramuscular forms, and used to treat a wide variety of infections. Kanamycin is isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus and its most commonly used form is kanamycin sulfate.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Succinylcholine | The therapeutic efficacy of Succinylcholine can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Metocurine iodide | The therapeutic efficacy of Metocurine iodide can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Gallamine triethiodide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gallamine triethiodide can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Cisatracurium | Kanamycin may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Cisatracurium. |
| Rocuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Rocuronium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Atracurium besylate | The therapeutic efficacy of Atracurium besylate can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Doxacurium | The therapeutic efficacy of Doxacurium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Mivacurium | The therapeutic efficacy of Mivacurium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Decamethonium | The therapeutic efficacy of Decamethonium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Metocurine | The therapeutic efficacy of Metocurine can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Pancuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Pancuronium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Pipecuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Pipecuronium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Vecuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Vecuronium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Rapacuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Rapacuronium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Pyrantel | The therapeutic efficacy of Pyrantel can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Neosaxitoxin | The therapeutic efficacy of Neosaxitoxin can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Atracurium | The therapeutic efficacy of Atracurium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Gallamine | The therapeutic efficacy of Gallamine can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Alcuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Alcuronium can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Tubocurarine | The therapeutic efficacy of Tubocurarine can be increased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Carboplatin | The risk or severity of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Carboplatin. |
| Foscarnet | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Foscarnet. |
| Mannitol | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Tenofovir disoproxil | Kanamycin may increase the nephrotoxic activities of Tenofovir disoproxil. |
| Tenofovir alafenamide | Kanamycin may increase the nephrotoxic activities of Tenofovir alafenamide. |
| Tenofovir | Kanamycin may increase the nephrotoxic activities of Tenofovir. |
| Picosulfuric acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Picosulfuric acid can be decreased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Zoledronic acid | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Zoledronic acid. |
| Alendronic acid | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Alendronic acid. |
| Ibandronate | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Ibandronate. |
| Clodronic acid | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Clodronic acid. |
| Risedronic acid | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Risedronic acid. |
| Etidronic acid | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Etidronic acid. |
| Incadronic acid | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Incadronic acid. |
| Taxifolin | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Taxifolin is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Licofelone | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Licofelone is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Polmacoxib | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Polmacoxib is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Ebselen | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Ebselen is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Flurbiprofen axetil | The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Flurbiprofen axetil is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Acetyldigitoxin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Acetyldigitoxin. |
| Deslanoside | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Deslanoside. |
| Ouabain | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Ouabain. |
| Digitoxin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Digitoxin. |
| Oleandrin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Oleandrin. |
| Cymarin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Cymarin. |
| Proscillaridin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Proscillaridin. |
| Metildigoxin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Metildigoxin. |
| Lanatoside C | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Lanatoside C. |
| Gitoformate | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Gitoformate. |
| Acetyldigoxin | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Acetyldigoxin. |
| Peruvoside | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Kanamycin is combined with Peruvoside. |
| Torasemide | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be increased when it is combined with Torasemide. |
| Bumetanide | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be increased when it is combined with Bumetanide. |
| Etacrynic acid | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be increased when it is combined with Etacrynic acid. |
| Piretanide | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be increased when it is combined with Piretanide. |
| Azosemide | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be increased when it is combined with Azosemide. |
| Tripamide | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be increased when it is combined with Tripamide. |
| Flucloxacillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Flucloxacillin. |
| Phenoxymethylpenicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Phenoxymethylpenicillin. |
| Dicloxacillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Dicloxacillin. |
| Carbenicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Carbenicillin. |
| Nafcillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Nafcillin. |
| Hetacillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Hetacillin. |
| Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine. |
| Mezlocillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Mezlocillin. |
| Cyclacillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Cyclacillin. |
| Benzylpenicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Benzylpenicillin. |
| Azlocillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Azlocillin. |
| Cloxacillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Cloxacillin. |
| Amdinocillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Amdinocillin. |
| Bacampicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Bacampicillin. |
| Meticillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Meticillin. |
| Pivampicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Pivampicillin. |
| Pivmecillinam | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Pivmecillinam. |
| Ticarcillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Ticarcillin. |
| Azidocillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Azidocillin. |
| Carindacillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Carindacillin. |
| Sultamicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Sultamicillin. |
| Temocillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Temocillin. |
| Epicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Epicillin. |
| Pheneticillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Pheneticillin. |
| Carfecillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Carfecillin. |
| Propicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Propicillin. |
| Clometocillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Clometocillin. |
| Sulbenicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Sulbenicillin. |
| Penamecillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Penamecillin. |
| Talampicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Talampicillin. |
| Aspoxicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Aspoxicillin. |
| Metampicillin | The serum concentration of Kanamycin can be decreased when it is combined with Metampicillin. |
| BCG vaccine | The therapeutic efficacy of BCG vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Typhoid vaccine | The therapeutic efficacy of Typhoid vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Kanamycin. |
| Lymecycline | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Lymecycline is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Clomocycline | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Clomocycline is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Quinine | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Quinine is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Tigecycline | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Tigecycline is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Oxytetracycline | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Oxytetracycline is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Demeclocycline | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Demeclocycline is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Magnesium sulfate | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Magnesium sulfate is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Metacycline | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Metacycline is combined with Kanamycin. |
| Minocycline | The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Minocycline is combined with Kanamycin. |