Oral, mouse: LD50 = 400 mg/kg. In the presence of life-threatening arrhythmias, underdosing with bretylium probably presents a greater risk to the patient than potential overdosage. However, one case of accidental overdose has been reported in which a rapidly injected intravenous bolus of 30 mg/kg was given instead of an intended 10 mg/kg dose during an episode of ventricular tachycardia. Marked hypertension resulted, followed by protracted refractory hypotension. The patient expired 18 hours later in asystole, complicated by renal failure and aspiration pneumonitis. Bretylium serum levels were 8000 ng/mL.
Bretylium blocks the release of noradrenaline from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The primary mode of action for bretylium is thought to be inhibition of voltage-gated K(+) channels. Recent evidence has shown that bretylium may also inhibit the Na,K-ATPase by binding to the extracellular K-site.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Duloxetine | The risk or severity of orthostatic hypotension and syncope can be increased when Bretylium is combined with Duloxetine. |
| Levodopa | The risk or severity of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension can be increased when Bretylium is combined with Levodopa. |
| Risperidone | Bretylium may increase the hypotensive activities of Risperidone. |
| Ceritinib | Bretylium may increase the bradycardic activities of Ceritinib. |
| Ivabradine | Bretylium may increase the bradycardic activities of Ivabradine. |
| Ruxolitinib | Ruxolitinib may increase the bradycardic activities of Bretylium. |
| Alfuzosin | Alfuzosin may increase the hypotensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Amifostine | Bretylium may increase the hypotensive activities of Amifostine. |
| Diazoxide | Diazoxide may increase the hypotensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Methylphenidate | Methylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dexmethylphenidate | Dexmethylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Obinutuzumab | Bretylium may increase the hypotensive activities of Obinutuzumab. |
| Pentoxifylline | Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Rituximab | Bretylium may increase the hypotensive activities of Rituximab. |
| Desmopressin | Desmopressin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Cyclosporine | Cyclosporine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Eletriptan | Eletriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Methysergide | Methysergide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Cabergoline | Cabergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Zolmitriptan | Zolmitriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dihydroergotamine | Dihydroergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Methylergometrine | Methylergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Buspirone | Buspirone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Doxapram | Doxapram may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Lisuride | Lisuride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Sumatriptan | Sumatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Ergotamine | Ergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Nicergoline | Nicergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Propiomazine | Propiomazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Phenmetrazine | Phenmetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Trifluoperazine | Trifluoperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Almotriptan | Almotriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Naratriptan | Naratriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Rizatriptan | Rizatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dopamine | Dopamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Frovatriptan | Frovatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Methoxyflurane | Methoxyflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Ergoloid mesylate | Ergoloid mesylate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dutasteride | Dutasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Nefazodone | Nefazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Finasteride | Finasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Yohimbine | Yohimbine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Periciazine | Periciazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Acepromazine | Acepromazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Thioproperazine | Thioproperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Epicaptopril | Epicaptopril may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| 1-benzylimidazole | 1-benzylimidazole may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Lysergic acid diethylamide | Lysergic acid diethylamide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Amineptine | Amineptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Flibanserin | Flibanserin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Naluzotan | Naluzotan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Cariprazine | Cariprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Mianserin | Mianserin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Pizotifen | Pizotifen may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Esmirtazapine | Esmirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Vilazodone | Vilazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Nitrous oxide | Nitrous oxide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Saralasin | Saralasin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Cinitapride | Cinitapride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Tyramine | Tyramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Ifenprodil | Ifenprodil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dimetacrine | Dimetacrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Cannabidiol | Cannabidiol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Vortioxetine | Vortioxetine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Brexpiprazole | Brexpiprazole may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Moxisylyte | Moxisylyte may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Tianeptine | Tianeptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Oxaprotiline | Oxaprotiline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dihydroergocornine | Dihydroergocornine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Atipamezole | Atipamezole may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Tetrahydrocannabivarin | Tetrahydrocannabivarin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Propiverine | Propiverine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Piclozotan | Piclozotan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Siponimod | Siponimod may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Idazoxan | Idazoxan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Theodrenaline | Theodrenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Opipramol | Opipramol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Tramazoline | Tramazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Amitriptylinoxide | Amitriptylinoxide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dibenzepin | Dibenzepin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Quinupramine | Quinupramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Trichloroethylene | Trichloroethylene may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Fenozolone | Fenozolone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dihydroergocristine | Dihydroergocristine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Melitracen | Melitracen may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dihydroergocryptine | Dihydroergocryptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Terguride | Terguride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Lofepramine | Lofepramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Xenon | Xenon may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Iprindole | Iprindole may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Buflomedil | Buflomedil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Metergoline | Metergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Diethyl ether | Diethyl ether may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Imipramine oxide | Imipramine oxide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Mefenorex | Mefenorex may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Deoxyepinephrine | Deoxyepinephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine | 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Quinoline Yellow WS | Quinoline Yellow WS may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Solriamfetol | Solriamfetol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |
| Dexmedetomidine | Dexmedetomidine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bretylium. |