LD50=3000 mg/kg (orally in mice). Gliclazide and its metabolites may accumulate in those with severe hepatic and/or renal dysfunction. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include: dizziness, lack of energy, drowsiness, headache and sweating.
Gliclazide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It has been classified differently according to its drug properties in which based on its chemical structure, gliclazide is considered a first-generation sulfonylurea due to the structural presence of a sulfonamide group able to release a proton and the presence of one aromatic group.A39546 On the other hand, based on the pharmacological efficacy, gliclazide is considered a second-generation sulfonylurea which presents a higher potency and a shorter half-life.T238, T360 Gliclazide belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic β cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Gliclazide has been shown to decrease fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (reflective of the last 8-10 weeks of glucose control). Gliclazide is extensively metabolized by the liver; its metabolites are excreted in both urine (60-70%) and feces (10-20%).
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
The presence of this polymorphism in CYP2C19 is associated with reduction in gliclazide metabolism.
The presence of this polymorphism in CYP2C19 is associated with reduction in gliclazide metabolism.
| Pegvisomant | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Pegvisomant is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Dabrafenib | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be decreased when it is combined with Dabrafenib. |
| Luliconazole | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be increased when it is combined with Luliconazole. |
| Carbocisteine | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gliclazide is combined with Carbocisteine. |
| Chloramphenicol | The metabolism of Gliclazide can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol. |
| Cimetidine | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be increased when it is combined with Cimetidine. |
| Fluconazole | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be increased when it is combined with Fluconazole. |
| Metreleptin | Metreleptin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Probenecid | The protein binding of Gliclazide can be decreased when combined with Probenecid. |
| Ranitidine | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be increased when it is combined with Ranitidine. |
| Voriconazole | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be increased when it is combined with Voriconazole. |
| Clarithromycin | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be increased when it is combined with Clarithromycin. |
| Lipoic acid | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Lipoic acid is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Rifampin | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be decreased when it is combined with Rifampicin. |
| Moxifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Moxifloxacin. |
| Grepafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Grepafloxacin. |
| Enoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Enoxacin. |
| Pefloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Pefloxacin. |
| Ciprofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Ciprofloxacin. |
| Trovafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Trovafloxacin. |
| Nalidixic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Nalidixic acid. |
| Rosoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Rosoxacin. |
| Cinoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Cinoxacin. |
| Lomefloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Lomefloxacin. |
| Gatifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Gatifloxacin. |
| Norfloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Norfloxacin. |
| Levofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Levofloxacin. |
| Gemifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Gemifloxacin. |
| Ofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Ofloxacin. |
| Sparfloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Temafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Temafloxacin. |
| Fleroxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Fleroxacin. |
| Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin. |
| Garenoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Garenoxacin. |
| Nemonoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Nemonoxacin. |
| Flumequine | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Flumequine. |
| Enrofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Enrofloxacin. |
| Orbifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Orbifloxacin. |
| Sarafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Sarafloxacin. |
| Difloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Difloxacin. |
| Pazufloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Pazufloxacin. |
| Prulifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Prulifloxacin. |
| Delafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Delafloxacin. |
| Sitafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Sitafloxacin. |
| Oxolinic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Oxolinic acid. |
| Rufloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Rufloxacin. |
| Pipemidic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Pipemidic acid. |
| Methyclothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Methyclothiazide. |
| Chlorthalidone | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorthalidone. |
| Bendroflumethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Bendroflumethiazide. |
| Metolazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Metolazone. |
| Benzthiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Benzthiazide. |
| Hydroflumethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroflumethiazide. |
| Indapamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Indapamide. |
| Chlorothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorothiazide. |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Hydrochlorothiazide. |
| Trichlormethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Trichlormethiazide. |
| Polythiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Polythiazide. |
| Quinethazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Quinethazone. |
| Cyclopenthiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Cyclopenthiazide. |
| Epitizide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be decreased when used in combination with Epitizide. |
| Esmolol | Esmolol may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Landiolol | Landiolol may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Lumacaftor | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be decreased when it is combined with Lumacaftor. |
| Ethanol | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gliclazide is combined with Ethanol. |
| Protriptyline | Protriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Nortriptyline | Nortriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Amoxapine | Amoxapine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Desipramine | Desipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Amineptine | Amineptine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Dimetacrine | Dimetacrine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Butriptyline | Butriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Dosulepin | Dosulepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Tianeptine | Tianeptine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Oxaprotiline | Oxaprotiline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Opipramol | Opipramol may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Amitriptylinoxide | Amitriptylinoxide may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Dibenzepin | Dibenzepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Quinupramine | Quinupramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Melitracen | Melitracen may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Lofepramine | Lofepramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Iprindole | Iprindole may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Imipramine oxide | Imipramine oxide may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Amitriptyline | Amitriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Doxepin | Doxepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Gliclazide. |
| Clofibrate | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Clofibrate is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Fenofibrate | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Fenofibrate is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Bezafibrate | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Bezafibrate is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Etofibrate | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Etofibrate is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Ciprofibrate | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ciprofibrate is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Simfibrate | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Simfibrate is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Ronifibrate | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ronifibrate is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Aluminium clofibrate | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Aluminium clofibrate is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Clofibride | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Clofibride is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Fenofibric acid | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Fenofibric acid is combined with Gliclazide. |
| Miconazole | The serum concentration of Gliclazide can be increased when it is combined with Miconazole. |
| Phenindione | Gliclazide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenindione. |
| Coumarin | Gliclazide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Coumarin. |
| Clorindione | Gliclazide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Clorindione. |
| Diphenadione | Gliclazide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Diphenadione. |