Peringatan Keamanan

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with tachycardia, arrhythmias, palpitations, angina, hypotension, or hypertension.^L33160 Overdose should be treated by reducing or stopping administration of isoprenaline and monitoring blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and ECG.^L33160

In rats, the LD₅₀ is 2221 mg/kg orally, 128 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and 600 mg/kg subcutaneously.^L33189 In mice, the LD₅₀ is 1260 orally and 450 mg/kg intraperitoneally.^L33189

Isoprenaline

DB01064

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Isoprenaline is a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor agonist indicated to treat heart block, Adams-Stokes attacks, bronchospasm in anesthesia, cadiac arrest, hypovolemic shocks, septic shock, hypoperfusion, congestive hear failure, and cardiogenic shock.A15638,L33160

Isoprenaline research in the 1940s found that this isopropyl analog of epinephrine dilated the bronchi, as well as raising the heart rate and cardiac output, without vasoconstriction.A233724,A233729 The US patent from 1943 states that this compound had a wider therapeutic index and a stronger action than adrenaline.^L33204

Isoprenaline was granted FDA approval on 19 February 1948.^L33155

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 211.2576

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half life of intravenous isoprenaline is 2.5-5 minutes.[A233584] Oral isoprenaline has a half life of 40 minutes.[A233664]

Volume Distribusi In pediatric patients, the volume of distribution was 216 ± 57 mL/kg.[A233689]

Klirens (Clearance) In pediatric patients, the clearance of isoprenaline was 42.5 ± 5.0 mL/kg/min.[A233689]

Absorpsi

Data regarding absorption kinetics of isoprenaline are not readily available.A233699,A233689

Metabolisme

Isoprenaline is predominantly metabolized to glucuronide conjugates.^A233664 Isoprenaline can also be O-methylated by catechol O-methyltransferase to the metabolite 3-O-methylisoprenaline, which can also be further glucuronidated.^A233664

Rute Eliminasi

Isoprenaline is 12.2-27.0% recovered in the feces and 59.1-106.8% recovered in the urine after 48 hours.^A233664 The majority of the recovered dose in the urine is conjugated isoprenaline, with 6.5-16.2% free isoprenaline, and 2.6-11.4% 3-O-methylisoprenaline and conjugates.^A233664

Interaksi Obat

887 Data

Valsartan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Valsartan.
Ramipril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ramipril.
Reserpine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Reserpine.
Remikiren	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Remikiren.
Isradipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Isradipine.
Olmesartan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Olmesartan.
Nitroprusside	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitroprusside.
Diltiazem	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diltiazem.
Minoxidil	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Minoxidil.
Treprostinil	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Treprostinil.
Amlodipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Amlodipine.
Nimodipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nimodipine.
Nisoldipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nisoldipine.
Fosinopril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fosinopril.
Trandolapril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trandolapril.
Lercanidipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lercanidipine.
Benazepril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Benazepril.
Bosentan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bosentan.
Enalapril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalapril.
Candoxatril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candoxatril.
Mecamylamine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Mecamylamine.
Losartan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Losartan.
Moexipril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Moexipril.
Eplerenone	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Eplerenone.
Lisinopril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lisinopril.
Nitroglycerin	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitroglycerin.
Metyrosine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Metyrosine.
Cryptenamine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cryptenamine.
Perindopril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Perindopril.
Candesartan cilexetil	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candesartan cilexetil.
Fenoldopam	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fenoldopam.
Tadalafil	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tadalafil.
Eprosartan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Eprosartan.
Quinapril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Telmisartan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Telmisartan.
Methyldopa	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Methyldopa.
Irbesartan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Irbesartan.
Nitrendipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitrendipine.
Deserpidine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Deserpidine.
Pentolinium	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Pentolinium.
Trimethaphan	Isoprenaline may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Trimethaphan.
Diazoxide	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diazoxide.
Captopril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Captopril.
Epoprostenol	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Epoprostenol.
Bepridil	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bepridil.
Hydralazine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hydralazine.
Cilazapril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cilazapril.
Saprisartan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Saprisartan.
Spirapril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Spirapril.
Mibefradil	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Mibefradil.
Tienilic acid	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tienilic acid.
Debrisoquine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Debrisoquine.
Sitaxentan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Sitaxentan.
Ambrisentan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ambrisentan.
Diethylnorspermine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diethylnorspermine.
Nilvadipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nilvadipine.
Pinacidil	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Pinacidil.
Temocapril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Temocapril.
Riociguat	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Riociguat.
Macitentan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Macitentan.
Hexamethonium	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Hexamethonium.
Aliskiren	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Aliskiren.
Nicorandil	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nicorandil.
Efonidipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Efonidipine.
Lacidipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lacidipine.
Manidipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Manidipine.
Rauwolfia serpentina root	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Enalaprilat	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat.
Selexipag	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Selexipag.
Angiotensin 1-7	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Angiotensin 1-7.
Imidapril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Imidapril.
BQ-123	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of BQ-123.
Tetrahydropalmatine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tetrahydropalmatine.
Cicletanine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cicletanine.
Dihydralazine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Dihydralazine.
Zofenopril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Zofenopril.
Guanoxan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoxan.
Delapril	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Delapril.
Vincamine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Vincamine.
Linsidomine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Linsidomine.
Guanoxabenz	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoxabenz.
Tolonidine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tolonidine.
Endralazine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Endralazine.
Cadralazine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cadralazine.
Bietaserpine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bietaserpine.
Guanazodine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanazodine.
Methoserpidine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Methoserpidine.
Guanoclor	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoclor.
Muzolimine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Muzolimine.
Xipamide	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Xipamide.
Candesartan	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candesartan.
Dexniguldipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Dexniguldipine.
Tocopherylquinone	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tocopherylquinone.
Benazeprilat	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Benazeprilat.
Fosinoprilat	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fosinoprilat.
Ramiprilat	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ramiprilat.
Perindoprilat	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Perindoprilat.
Quinaprilat	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinaprilat.
Felodipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Felodipine.
Levamlodipine	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Levamlodipine.

Target Protein

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1

Interleukin-12 subunit beta IL12B

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor ADRB2

Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3

Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] SOD1

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: U.S. Patent 2,308,232. U.S. Patent 2,715,141.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 30252298
Szymanski MW, Singh DP: Isoproterenol .
PMID: 20590599
Baker JG: The selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor agonists at human beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Jul;160(5):1048-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00754.x.
PMID: 24683526
Striessnig J, Pinggera A, Kaur G, Bock G, Tuluc P: L-type Ca(2+) channels in heart and brain. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Membr Transp Signal. 2014 Mar 1;3(2):15-38. doi: 10.1002/wmts.102.
PMID: 23266596
Harvey RD, Hell JW: CaV1.2 signaling complexes in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013 May;58:143-52. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.12.006. Epub 2012 Dec 22.
PMID: 31643996
Authors unspecified: Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists .
PMID: 4656607
Conolly ME, Davies DS, Dollery CT, Morgan CD, Paterson JW, Sandler M: Metabolism of isoprenaline in dog and man. Br J Pharmacol. 1972 Nov;46(3):458-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb08143.x.
PMID: 8429110
Reyes G, Schwartz PH, Newth CJ, Eldadah MK: The pharmacokinetics of isoproterenol in critically ill pediatric patients. J Clin Pharmacol. 1993 Jan;33(1):29-34. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1993.tb03899.x.
PMID: 6630523
Goldstein DS, Horwitz D, Keiser HR, Polinsky RJ, Kopin IJ: Plasma l-3Hnorepinephrine, d-14Cnorepinephrine, and d,l-3Hisoproterenol kinetics in essential hypertension. J Clin Invest. 1983 Nov;72(5):1748-58. doi: 10.1172/JCI111134.

Menampilkan 8 dari 12 artikel.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 44 • International brands: 2

Produk

Duo-Medihaler

Aerosol, metered • - • Respiratory (inhalation) • US • Approved
Isoproterenol

Injection, solution • 0.2 mg/1mL • Intracardiac; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous • US • Generic • Approved
Isoproterenol

Injection, solution • 1 mg/5mL • Intracardiac; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous • US • Generic • Approved
Isoproterenol HCl Inj 1:5000

Liquid • .2 mg / mL • Intravenous • Canada • Approved
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride

Injection, solution • 0.2 mg/1mL • Intracardiac; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous • US • Generic • Approved
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride

Injection, solution • 0.2 mg/1mL • Intracardiac; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous • US • Generic • Approved
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride

Injection, solution • 0.2 mg/1mL • Intramuscular; Intravenous • US • Generic • Approved
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride

Injection, solution • 0.2 mg/1mL • Intramuscular; Intravenous • US • Generic • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 44 produk.

International Brands

Proternol L — Kowa Souyaku
Saventrine — Pharmax

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.