Peringatan Keamanan

Oral, rat: LD50 = > 2000 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose may include diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and symptoms of hypersensitivity (such as skin rash, hives, itching, and difficulty breathing).

Auranofin

DB00995

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Auranofin is a gold salt that is capable of eliciting pharmacologic actions that suppress inflammation and stimulate cell-mediated immunity. It has subsequently been listed by the World Health Organization as a member of the antirheumatic agent category. Auranofin appears to induce heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA. Heme oxygenase 1 is an inducible heme-degrading enzyme with anti-inflammatory properties.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 678.484
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Data absorpsi tidak tersedia.

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

Approximately 60% of the absorbed gold (15% of the administered dose) from a single dose of auranofin is excreted in urine; the remainder is excreted in the feces.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with food. Food reduces irritation.

Interaksi Obat

727 Data
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Icosapent Icosapent may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxaprozin Oxaprozin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketoprofen Ketoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Balsalazide Balsalazide may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Olsalazine Olsalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Lumiracoxib Lumiracoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Salsalate Salsalate may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate Choline magnesium trisalicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Antrafenine Antrafenine may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Aminophenazone Aminophenazone may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Antipyrine Antipyrine may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tiaprofenic acid Tiaprofenic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Lopinavir Lopinavir may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Etoricoxib Etoricoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrolyzed Cephalothin Hydrolyzed Cephalothin may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalothin Group Cephalothin Group may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Latamoxef Latamoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Nimesulide Nimesulide may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Benoxaprofen Benoxaprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Metamizole Metamizole may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Zomepirac Zomepirac may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftobiprole Ceftobiprole may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cimicoxib Cimicoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftaroline fosamil may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Lornoxicam Lornoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.
Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Auranofin which could result in a higher serum level.

Target Protein

Steroid hormone receptor ERR1 ESRRA
Steroid hormone receptor ERR2 ESRRB
Estrogen-related receptor gamma ESRRG
Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial PRDX5
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta IKBKB

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: David T. Hill, Ivan Lantos, Blaine M. Sutton, "Process and intermediate for preparing auranofin." U.S. Patent US4133952, issued January, 1972.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 12754408
    Jeon KI, Byun MS, Jue DM: Gold compound auranofin inhibits IkappaB kinase (IKK) by modifying Cys-179 of IKKbeta subunit. Exp Mol Med. 2003 Apr 30;35(2):61-6.
  • PMID: 15159275
    Kim IS, Jin JY, Lee IH, Park SJ: Auranofin induces apoptosis and when combined with retinoic acid enhances differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells in vitro. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;142(4):749-55. Epub 2004 May 24.
  • PMID: 15191400
    Venardos K, Harrison G, Headrick J, Perkins A: Auranofin increases apoptosis and ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat isolated heart. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2004 May-Jun;31(5-6):289-94.
  • PMID: 15370403
    Hafejee A, Winhoven S, Coulson IH: Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate responding to oral auranofin. J Dermatolog Treat. 2004 Sep;15(5):331-2.
  • PMID: 16036347
    Rigobello MP, Folda A, Baldoin MC, Scutari G, Bindoli A: Effect of auranofin on the mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. Role of thioredoxin reductase. Free Radic Res. 2005 Jul;39(7):687-95.
  • PMID: 24875642
    Saccoccia F, Angelucci F, Boumis G, Carotti D, Desiato G, Miele AE, Bellelli A: Thioredoxin reductase and its inhibitors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2014;15(6):621-46. doi: 10.2174/1389203715666140530091910.
  • PMID: 431070
    Burd JG: The new doctor. J Tenn Med Assoc. 1979 Feb;72(2):128-9.
  • PMID: 25698589
    Roder C, Thomson MJ: Auranofin: repurposing an old drug for a golden new age. Drugs R D. 2015 Mar;15(1):13-20. doi: 10.1007/s40268-015-0083-y.
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Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 3 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Ridaura
    Capsule • 3 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Ridaura
    Capsule • 3 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Ridaura
    Capsule • 3 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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