Peringatan Keamanan

Accidental or intentional ingestion of oral apraclonidine has been reported to cause apnea, arrhythmias, asthenia, bradycardia, conduction defects, diminished or absent reflexes, dryness of the mouth, hypotension, hypothermia, hypoventilation, irritability, lethargy, miosis, pallor, respiratory depression, sedation or coma, seizure, somnolence, transient hypertension, and vomiting.

Apraclonidine

DB00964

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Apraclonidine, also known as iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 245.109
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 8 hours
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Topical use of apraclonidine ophthalmic solution leads to systemic absorption. Studies of apraclonidine (0.5% ophthalmic solution) dosed one drop three times a day in both eyes for 10 days in normal volunteers yielded mean peak and trough concentrations of 0.9 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively.

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

45 Data
Mianserin The therapeutic efficacy of Apraclonidine can be decreased when used in combination with Mianserin.
Linezolid Linezolid may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Furazolidone Furazolidone may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Procaine Procaine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Phenelzine Phenelzine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Minaprine Minaprine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Selegiline Selegiline may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Procarbazine Procarbazine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Moclobemide Moclobemide may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Rasagiline Rasagiline may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Pargyline Pargyline may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Clorgiline Clorgiline may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Iproniazid Iproniazid may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Nialamide Nialamide may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Safinamide Safinamide may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Methylene blue Methylene blue may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Hydracarbazine Hydracarbazine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Pirlindole Pirlindole may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Toloxatone Toloxatone may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Benmoxin Benmoxin may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Mebanazine Mebanazine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Octamoxin Octamoxin may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Pheniprazine Pheniprazine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Phenoxypropazine Phenoxypropazine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Pivhydrazine Pivhydrazine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Safrazine Safrazine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Caroxazone Caroxazone may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Harmaline Harmaline may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Brofaromine Brofaromine may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Formoterol Apraclonidine may increase the sympathomimetic activities of Formoterol.
Sildenafil The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Sildenafil is combined with Apraclonidine.
Tadalafil The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Tadalafil is combined with Apraclonidine.
Vardenafil The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Vardenafil is combined with Apraclonidine.
Dipyridamole The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Dipyridamole is combined with Apraclonidine.
Ibudilast The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Ibudilast is combined with Apraclonidine.
Avanafil The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Avanafil is combined with Apraclonidine.
Udenafil The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Udenafil is combined with Apraclonidine.
Doxofylline The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Doxofylline is combined with Apraclonidine.
Mirodenafil The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Mirodenafil is combined with Apraclonidine.
Fostamatinib The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Fostamatinib is combined with Apraclonidine.
Oxymetazoline Apraclonidine may increase the hypertensive and vasoconstricting activities of Oxymetazoline.
Sodium ferric gluconate complex The risk or severity of hypotension can be increased when Sodium ferric gluconate complex is combined with Apraclonidine.

Target Protein

Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor ADRA1A
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor ADRA2A
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor ADRA2B

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 16808679
    Chen PL, Chen JT, Lu DW, Chen YC, Hsiao CH: Comparing efficacies of 0.5% apraclonidine with 4% cocaine in the diagnosis of horner syndrome in pediatric patients. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jun;22(3):182-7.
  • PMID: 16805122
    Aslanides lM, Tsiklis NS, Ozkilic E, Coskunseven E, Pallikaris lG, Jankov MR: The effect of topical apraclonidine on subconjunctival hemorrhage and flap adherence in LASIK patients. J Refract Surg. 2006 Jun;22(6):585-8.
  • PMID: 16518162
    Koc F, Kansu T, Kavuncu S, Firat E: Topical apraclonidine testing discloses pupillary sympathetic denervation in diabetic patients. J Neuroophthalmol. 2006 Mar;26(1):25-9.
  • PMID: 16418668
    Garibaldi DC, Hindman HB, Grant MP, Iliff NT, Merbs SL: Effect of 0.5% apraclonidine on ptosis in Horner syndrome. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Jan-Feb;22(1):53-5.
  • PMID: 16355950
    Onal S, Gozum N, Gucukoglu A: Effect of apraclonidine versus dorzolamide on intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2005 Nov-Dec;36(6):457-62.
  • PMID: 14575724
    Costa VP, Harris A, Stefansson E, Flammer J, Krieglstein GK, Orzalesi N, Heijl A, Renard JP, Serra LM: The effects of antiglaucoma and systemic medications on ocular blood flow. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003 Nov;22(6):769-805.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 8 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Apraclonidine
    Solution • 5.75 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • Generic • Approved
  • Apraclonidine
    Solution • 5.75 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • Generic • Approved
  • Apraclonidine Ophthalmic
    Solution / drops • 5 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • Generic • Approved
  • Iopidine
    Solution • 5 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • Approved
  • Iopidine
    Solution / drops • 10 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • Approved
  • Iopidine
    Solution • 1 % • Ophthalmic • Canada • Approved
  • Iopidine
    Solution • 0.5 % • Ophthalmic • Canada • Approved
  • Iopidine 1%
    Solution / drops • 10 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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