Peringatan Keamanan

Symptoms of overdose include headache and vertigo.

Etretinate

DB00926

small molecule withdrawn

Deskripsi

Etretinate is a medication used to treat severe psoriasis. It is a synthetic aromatic retinoid. The mechanism of action of etretinate is still incompletely understood although, like retinoic acid, it is thought to interfere with the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. It is thought to bind to the retinoic acid receptors. Etretinate is also believed to enhance the binding of cAMP to the regulatory RI subunit of cAMP dependent protein kinases. Etretinate was taken off the market in Canada in 1996 and America in 1998 due to the risk of birth defects. Etretinate is now used to treat T-cell lymphomas. It also appears to inhibit NADH oxidase activity.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 354.4825

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) In one study, the apparent terminal half-life of etretinate after 6 months of therapy was approximately 120 days. In another study of 47 patients who had undergone chronic therapy with etretinate, 5 patients had detectable serum drug concentrations (0.5 to 12 ng/mL) 2.1 to 2.9 years after therapy was completed.

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Absorbed in the small intestine. Studies in normal volunteers indicate that the absorption of etretinate is greater in patients consuming whole milk or a high-fat diet than in patients in a fasting state.

Metabolisme

Extensively metabolized, with significant first-pass metabolism to the pharmacologically active acid form. Subsequent metabolism results in the inactive 13-cis acid form, chain-shortened breakdown products, and conjugates that are ultimately excreted.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Makanan

2 Data

1. Avoid alcohol. Alcohol should be completely avoided for up to 2 months after discontinuation.
2. Take with food. Food increases absorption.

Interaksi Obat

46 Data

Diethylstilbestrol	The therapeutic efficacy of Diethylstilbestrol can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Estradiol	The therapeutic efficacy of Estradiol can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Ethinylestradiol	The therapeutic efficacy of Ethinylestradiol can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Mestranol	The therapeutic efficacy of Mestranol can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Estradiol cypionate	The therapeutic efficacy of Estradiol cypionate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Estradiol valerate	The therapeutic efficacy of Estradiol valerate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Estetrol	The therapeutic efficacy of Estetrol can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Desogestrel	The therapeutic efficacy of Desogestrel can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Megestrol acetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Megestrol acetate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Levonorgestrel	The therapeutic efficacy of Levonorgestrel can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Medroxyprogesterone acetate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Norethisterone	The therapeutic efficacy of Norethisterone can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Ethynodiol diacetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Ethynodiol diacetate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Norgestimate	The therapeutic efficacy of Norgestimate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Drospirenone	The therapeutic efficacy of Drospirenone can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Cyproterone acetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Cyproterone acetate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Gestodene	The therapeutic efficacy of Gestodene can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate	The therapeutic efficacy of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Dienogest	The therapeutic efficacy of Dienogest can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Norethynodrel	The therapeutic efficacy of Norethynodrel can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Norgestrel	The therapeutic efficacy of Norgestrel can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Gestrinone	The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Lynestrenol	The therapeutic efficacy of Lynestrenol can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Chlormadinone	The therapeutic efficacy of Chlormadinone can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Norgestrienone	The therapeutic efficacy of Norgestrienone can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Quingestanol	The therapeutic efficacy of Quingestanol can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Demegestone	The therapeutic efficacy of Demegestone can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Nomegestrol acetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Nomegestrol acetate can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Vitamin A	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vitamin A is combined with Etretinate.
Methotrexate	The risk or severity of liver damage can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Methotrexate.
Valproic acid	Valproic acid may increase the Pseudotumor Cerebri activities of Etretinate.
Doxycycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Doxycycline.
Clomocycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Clomocycline.
Tigecycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Tigecycline.
Oxytetracycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Oxytetracycline.
Demeclocycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Demeclocycline.
Tetracycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Tetracycline.
Metacycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Metacycline.
Minocycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Minocycline.
Rolitetracycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Rolitetracycline.
Sarecycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Sarecycline.
Eravacycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Eravacycline.
Omadacycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Omadacycline.
Penimepicycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Penimepicycline.
Lymecycline	The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Lymecycline is combined with Etretinate.
Palovarotene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etretinate is combined with Palovarotene.

Target Protein

Retinoic acid receptor alpha RARA

Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha RXRA

Retinoic acid receptor beta RARB

Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma RXRG

Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta RXRB

Retinoic acid receptor gamma RARG

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Bollag. W., Ruegg, R. and Ryser, G.; U.S.Patent 4,105,681; August 8,1978; assigned to Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc. Bollag, W., Ruegg, R. and Ryser, G.; U.S. Patent 4,215,215; July 29, 1980; assigned to Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 0 • International brands: 2

International Brands

Tegison
Tigason — Chugai Pharmaceutical

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.