Peringatan Keamanan

The oral LD₅₀ in rats is 3541mg/kg and in mice is 1739mg/kg.^L8429

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with symptoms of severe hypotension.L8420,L8423 Due to the extensive protein binding of quinapril and the active metabolite quinaprilat, hemodialysis is not expected to remove the drug from circulation.L8420,L8423 Treat patients with symptomatic and supportive measures, including normal saline infusions to restore normal blood pressure.L8420,L8423

Quinapril

DB00881

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Quinapril is the ethyl ester prodrug of the non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinaprilat.L8420,L8423 It is used to treat hypertension and heart failure.L8420,L8423 ACE inhibitors are commonly used as a first line therapy in the treatment of hypertension, along with thiazide diuretics or beta blockers.^A184844

Quinapril was granted FDA approval on 19 November 1991.^L8420 A combination tablet with hydrochlorothiazide was also approved on 28 December 1999.^L8423

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 438.5161

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The active metabolite quinaprilat has an elimination half life of 2.3 hours.[A1329,L8420]

Volume Distribusi The mean volume of distribution of quinaprilat is 13.9L.[A1329]

Klirens (Clearance) The clearance of quinaprilat is 68mL/min.[A1329]

Absorpsi

Quinapril if 50-80% bioavailable.^A1329 Quinapril has a T_max of <1 hour,^L8420 while quinaprilat has a T_max of 2.5h.^A1329 The C_max of quinaprilat is highly variable but reaches 1526ng/mL with an AUC of 2443ng\*h/mL in healthy males given a 10mg dose.^A1329 A high fat meal reduces the absorption of quinapril by 25-30%.^A1329

Metabolisme

Quinapril is de-esterified to the active quinaprilat or dehydrated to form the inactive PD109488.A1329,A184943 PD109488 can undergo O-deethylation to form another inactive metabolite, PD113413.A1329,A184943

Rute Eliminasi

Quinaprilat is up to 96% eliminated in the urine.^L8420 The eliminated metabolites PD109488 and PD113413 account for approximately 6% of a dose of quinapril each.A1329,A184943 A small fraction of the dose recovered in the urine is accounted for by unmetabolized quinapril.^A184943

Interaksi Makanan

4 Data

1. Avoid fatty foods.
2. Avoid hypertensive herbs (e.g. bayberry, blue cohosh, cayenne, ephedra, and licorice).
3. Avoid potassium-containing products. Potassium products increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
4. Limit salt intake. Salt may attenuate the antihypertensive effect.

Interaksi Obat

960 Data

Duloxetine	The risk or severity of orthostatic hypotension and syncope can be increased when Quinapril is combined with Duloxetine.
Levodopa	The risk or severity of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension can be increased when Quinapril is combined with Levodopa.
Risperidone	Quinapril may increase the hypotensive activities of Risperidone.
Alfuzosin	Alfuzosin may increase the hypotensive activities of Quinapril.
Amifostine	Quinapril may increase the hypotensive activities of Amifostine.
Diazoxide	Diazoxide may increase the hypotensive activities of Quinapril.
Methylphenidate	Methylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Dexmethylphenidate	Dexmethylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Obinutuzumab	Quinapril may increase the hypotensive activities of Obinutuzumab.
Pentoxifylline	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Quinapril.
Rituximab	Quinapril may increase the hypotensive activities of Rituximab.
Desmopressin	Desmopressin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Phentermine	Phentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Midodrine	Midodrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Eletriptan	Eletriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Isoetharine	Isoetharine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Methysergide	Methysergide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Cabergoline	Cabergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Atomoxetine	Atomoxetine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Etomidate	Etomidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Zolmitriptan	Zolmitriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Dihydroergotamine	Dihydroergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Amitriptyline	Amitriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Protriptyline	Protriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Methylergometrine	Methylergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Norepinephrine	Norepinephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Mirtazapine	Mirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Phenylephrine	Phenylephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Phenylpropanolamine	Phenylpropanolamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Promazine	Promazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Droperidol	Droperidol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Buspirone	Buspirone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Nortriptyline	Nortriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Amoxapine	Amoxapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Doxapram	Doxapram may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Atropine	Atropine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Lisuride	Lisuride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Metaraminol	Metaraminol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Trazodone	Trazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Epinephrine	Epinephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Sumatriptan	Sumatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Ergotamine	Ergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Nicergoline	Nicergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Methoxamine	Methoxamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Trimipramine	Trimipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Propiomazine	Propiomazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Alfentanil	Alfentanil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Fentanyl	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Orciprenaline	Orciprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Phenmetrazine	Phenmetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Trifluoperazine	Trifluoperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Dobutamine	Dobutamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Pseudoephedrine	Pseudoephedrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Benzphetamine	Benzphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Ritodrine	Ritodrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Terbutaline	Terbutaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Flupentixol	Flupentixol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Bitolterol	Bitolterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Almotriptan	Almotriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Diethylpropion	Diethylpropion may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Salmeterol	Salmeterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Naratriptan	Naratriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Rizatriptan	Rizatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Formoterol	Formoterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Dopamine	Dopamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Frovatriptan	Frovatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Albuterol	Salbutamol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Methoxyflurane	Methoxyflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Ergoloid mesylate	Ergoloid mesylate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Isoprenaline	Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Arbutamine	Arbutamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Dutasteride	Dutasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Doxepin	Doxepin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Nefazodone	Nefazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Desipramine	Desipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Pergolide	Pergolide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Finasteride	Finasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Ergometrine	Ergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Lisdexamfetamine	Lisdexamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Paliperidone	Paliperidone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Arformoterol	Arformoterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Fenoterol	Fenoterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Pirbuterol	Pirbuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Ephedra sinica root	Ephedra sinica root may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Ephedrine	Ephedrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Mephentermine	Mephentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Procaterol	Procaterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Yohimbine	Yohimbine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Methotrimeprazine	Methotrimeprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Clenbuterol	Clenbuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Bambuterol	Bambuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
MMDA	MMDA may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Midomafetamine	Midomafetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine	2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
4-Methoxyamphetamine	4-Methoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine	4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Tenamfetamine	Tenamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Chlorphentermine	Chlorphentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Dextroamphetamine	Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Metamfetamine	Metamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.

Target Protein

Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Om P. Goel, Uldis Krolls, "Crystalline quinapril and a process for producing the same." U.S. Patent US4761479, issued August, 1982.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 19761414
Kieback AG, Felix SB, Reffelmann T: Quinaprilat: a review of its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicological data and clinical application. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Oct;5(10):1337-47. doi: 10.1517/17425250903282773.
PMID: 14747423
Tsikouris JP, Suarez JA, Meyerrose GE, Ziska M, Fike D, Smith J: Questioning a class effect: does ACE inhibitor tissue penetration influence the degree of fibrinolytic balance alteration following an acute myocardial infarction? J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;44(2):150-7.
PMID: 2539761
Kaplan HR, Taylor DG, Olson SC, Andrews LK: Quinapril--a preclinical review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. Angiology. 1989 Apr;40(4 Pt 2):335-50. doi: 10.1177/000331978904000403.
PMID: 8891468
Goa KL, Balfour JA, Zuanetti G: Lisinopril. A review of its pharmacology and clinical efficacy in the early management of acute myocardial infarction. Drugs. 1996 Oct;52(4):564-88. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199652040-00011.
PMID: 29667175
Wright JM, Musini VM, Gill R: First-line drugs for hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 18;4:CD001841. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001841.pub3.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 249 • International brands: 6

Produk

Accupril

Tablet, film coated • 5 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Accupril

Tablet, film coated • 10 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Accupril

Tablet, film coated • 20 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Accupril

Tablet, film coated • 40 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Accupril

Tablet, film coated • 10 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Accupril

Tablet, film coated • 20 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Accupril

Tablet, film coated • 40 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Accupril

Tablet, film coated • 5 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 249 produk.

International Brands

Accuprin — Pfizer (Italy)
Accupro — Pfizer (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Ukraine), Godecke (Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Russia), Parke, Davis (Germany)
Acequin
Acuitel
Korec
Quinazil

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.