Penicillamine

DB00859

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Penicillamine is a pharmaceutical of the chelator class. The pharmaceutical form is D-penicillamine, as L-penicillamine is toxic (it inhibits the action of pyridoxine). It is an ?-amino acid metabolite of penicillin, although it has no antibiotic properties.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 149.211
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 1 hour
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

rapidly but incompletely

Metabolisme

Hepatic

Rute Eliminasi

Excretion is mainly renal, mainly as disulfides.

Interaksi Makanan

2 Data
  • 1. Drink plenty of fluids.
  • 2. Take on an empty stomach. Co-administration with food decreases bioavailability.

Interaksi Obat

700 Data
Denosumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Denosumab is combined with Penicillamine.
Etanercept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etanercept is combined with Penicillamine.
Peginterferon alfa-2a The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2a is combined with Penicillamine.
Interferon alfa-n1 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n1 is combined with Penicillamine.
Interferon alfa-n3 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n3 is combined with Penicillamine.
Peginterferon alfa-2b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2b is combined with Penicillamine.
Anakinra The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Anakinra is combined with Penicillamine.
Interferon gamma-1b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon gamma-1b is combined with Penicillamine.
Interferon alfa-2a The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2a is combined with Penicillamine.
Aldesleukin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Penicillamine.
Adalimumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Penicillamine.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is combined with Penicillamine.
Pegaspargase The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pegaspargase is combined with Penicillamine.
Infliximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Infliximab is combined with Penicillamine.
Interferon beta-1b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon beta-1b is combined with Penicillamine.
Interferon alfacon-1 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfacon-1 is combined with Penicillamine.
Rituximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rituximab is combined with Penicillamine.
Basiliximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Basiliximab is combined with Penicillamine.
Muromonab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Muromonab is combined with Penicillamine.
Ibritumomab tiuxetan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibritumomab tiuxetan is combined with Penicillamine.
Tositumomab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tositumomab is combined with Penicillamine.
Alemtuzumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Penicillamine.
Alefacept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alefacept is combined with Penicillamine.
Efalizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efalizumab is combined with Penicillamine.
Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is combined with Penicillamine.
Interferon alfa-2b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2b is combined with Penicillamine.
Daclizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Daclizumab is combined with Penicillamine.
Phenylalanine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenylalanine is combined with Penicillamine.
Flunisolide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Flunisolide is combined with Penicillamine.
Bortezomib The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bortezomib is combined with Penicillamine.
Cladribine Penicillamine may increase the immunosuppressive activities of Cladribine.
Carmustine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carmustine is combined with Penicillamine.
Amsacrine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amsacrine is combined with Penicillamine.
Bleomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bleomycin is combined with Penicillamine.
Chlorambucil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorambucil is combined with Penicillamine.
Raltitrexed The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Raltitrexed is combined with Penicillamine.
Mitomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mitomycin is combined with Penicillamine.
Bexarotene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bexarotene is combined with Penicillamine.
Vindesine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vindesine is combined with Penicillamine.
Floxuridine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Floxuridine is combined with Penicillamine.
Indomethacin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indomethacin is combined with Penicillamine.
Tioguanine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tioguanine is combined with Penicillamine.
Vinorelbine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vinorelbine is combined with Penicillamine.
Dexrazoxane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexrazoxane is combined with Penicillamine.
Beclomethasone dipropionate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Beclomethasone dipropionate is combined with Penicillamine.
Sorafenib The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sorafenib is combined with Penicillamine.
Streptozocin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Streptozocin is combined with Penicillamine.
Trifluridine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trifluridine is combined with Penicillamine.
Gemcitabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemcitabine is combined with Penicillamine.
Betamethasone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Betamethasone is combined with Penicillamine.
Teniposide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Teniposide is combined with Penicillamine.
Epirubicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epirubicin is combined with Penicillamine.
Chloramphenicol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Penicillamine.
Lenalidomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lenalidomide is combined with Penicillamine.
Altretamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Altretamine is combined with Penicillamine.
Zidovudine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Zidovudine is combined with Penicillamine.
Cisplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cisplatin is combined with Penicillamine.
Oxaliplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxaliplatin is combined with Penicillamine.
Cyclophosphamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cyclophosphamide is combined with Penicillamine.
Vincristine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vincristine is combined with Penicillamine.
Fluorouracil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluorouracil is combined with Penicillamine.
Propylthiouracil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propylthiouracil is combined with Penicillamine.
Pentostatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentostatin is combined with Penicillamine.
Methotrexate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methotrexate is combined with Penicillamine.
Carbamazepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carbamazepine is combined with Penicillamine.
Vinblastine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vinblastine is combined with Penicillamine.
Fluticasone propionate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluticasone propionate is combined with Penicillamine.
Fluocinolone acetonide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluocinolone acetonide is combined with Penicillamine.
Linezolid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Linezolid is combined with Penicillamine.
Imatinib The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Imatinib is combined with Penicillamine.
Triamcinolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triamcinolone is combined with Penicillamine.
Clofarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clofarabine is combined with Penicillamine.
Prednisone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Penicillamine.
Pemetrexed The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pemetrexed is combined with Penicillamine.
Fludrocortisone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fludrocortisone is combined with Penicillamine.
Mycophenolate mofetil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mycophenolate mofetil is combined with Penicillamine.
Daunorubicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Daunorubicin is combined with Penicillamine.
Irinotecan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Irinotecan is combined with Penicillamine.
Methimazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methimazole is combined with Penicillamine.
Etoposide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Penicillamine.
Sulfasalazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sulfasalazine is combined with Penicillamine.
Dacarbazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dacarbazine is combined with Penicillamine.
Temozolomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temozolomide is combined with Penicillamine.
Prednisolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Prednisolone.
Sirolimus The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Sirolimus.
Mechlorethamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Mechlorethamine.
Azacitidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Azacitidine.
Carboplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Carboplatin.
Methylprednisolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Methylprednisolone.
Dactinomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Dactinomycin.
Cytarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Cytarabine.
Azathioprine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Azathioprine.
Doxorubicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Doxorubicin.
Hydroxyurea The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Busulfan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Busulfan.
Mycophenolic acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Mycophenolic acid.
Topotecan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Topotecan.
Mercaptopurine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Mercaptopurine.
Thalidomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Thalidomide.
Melphalan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Melphalan.

Target Protein

Copper

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Manfred Klaus Joachim Bock, deceased, "Method of producing penicillamine." U.S. Patent US3968154, issued November, 1960.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 13362281
    WALSHE JM: Penicillamine, a new oral therapy for Wilson's disease. Am J Med. 1956 Oct;21(4):487-95.
  • PMID: 12889074
    Walshe JM: The story of penicillamine: a difficult birth. Mov Disord. 2003 Aug;18(8):853-9.
  • PMID: 15495127
    Gong Y, Frederiksen SL, Gluud C: D-penicillamine for primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Oct 18;(4):CD004789.
  • PMID: 10796440
    Suarez-Almazor ME, Spooner C, Belseck E: Penicillamine for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001460.
  • PMID: 9117147
    Munro R, Capell HA: Penicillamine. Br J Rheumatol. 1997 Jan;36(1):104-9.

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International Brands
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