Peringatan Keamanan

LD50 = 40 mg/kg (Pigs, subcutaneous); LD50 = 180 mg/kg (rat, oral)

Levamisole

DB00848

small molecule approved investigational vet_approved withdrawn

Deskripsi

Levamisole is an antihelminthic drug that was commonly used for the treatment of parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections. A178117 It was manufactured by Janssen and first used in 1969 as an agent to treat worm infestationsA178123 Levamisole was approved by the FDA in 1990 as an adjuvant treatment for colon cancer.L6232 Prior to this, levamisole was used as an antirheumatic therapy in the 1970s and 1980s for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.A178123

Because of its immunomodulatory effects, this drug has been studied in the treatment of various immune-mediated diseases, with some studies showing positive results. A178117 This drug has also been used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of various cancers. A178117, A178123

Levamisole was withdrawn from the American market in 2000 due to its ability to cause serious adverse effects, including agranulocytosis. A178123 Interestingly, levamisole has been found as an adulterant in cocaine and can lead to a variety of adverse effects in individuals using this drug.A178120

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 204.291
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 4.4-5.6 hours (biphasic)
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Levamisole is rapidly absorbed (2 hours) from the gastrointestinal tract.

Metabolisme

Primarily hepatic (extensive) with both active and inactive metabolites.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take on an empty stomach.

Interaksi Obat

2 Data
Ivermectin The bioavailability of Ivermectin can be increased when combined with Levamisole.
Albendazole The bioavailability of Albendazole can be increased when combined with Levamisole.

Target Protein

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 CHRNA3
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme ALPL
Alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type ALPG
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type unc-38 unc-38
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type unc-63 unc-63
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type lev-1 lev-1
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type unc-29 unc-29

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: U.S. Patents 3,274,209; 3,364,112; 3,463,786; 3,579,530 and 3,646,051.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 6203228
    Grishchenko SV, Lavrukhina LA, Ketiladze ES, Krylov VF, Ershov FI: Results of combined therapy using levamisole for patients with influenza complicated by pneumonia. Vopr Virusol. 1984 Mar-Apr;29(2):175-9.
  • PMID: 1675705
    Authors unspecified: Levamisole for corticosteroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in childhood. British Association for Paediatric Nephrology. Lancet. 1991 Jun 29;337(8757):1555-7.
  • PMID: 6169
    Van Belle H: Alkaline phosphatase. I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. Clin Chem. 1976 Jul;22(7):972-6.
  • PMID: 15109274
    Scheinfeld N, Rosenberg JD, Weinberg JM: Levamisole in dermatology : a review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5(2):97-104. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200405020-00004.
  • PMID: 28314885
    Brunt TM, van den Berg J, Pennings E, Venhuis B: Adverse effects of levamisole in cocaine users: a review and risk assessment. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Jun;91(6):2303-2313. doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-1947-4. Epub 2017 Mar 17.
  • PMID: 22677078
    Lee KC, Ladizinski B, Federman DG: Complications associated with use of levamisole-contaminated cocaine: an emerging public health challenge. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Jun;87(6):581-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.03.010.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 2 • International brands: 2
Produk
  • Ergamisol Tab 50mg
    Tablet • 50 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Novo-levamisole
    Tablet • 50 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
International Brands
  • Ergamisol — Janssen
  • Ketrax — AstraZeneca

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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