Peringatan Keamanan

Fentanyl has an intravenous LD₅₀ of 2.91mg/kg in rats^A1220, an oral LD₅₀ of 18mg/kg in rats and 368mg/kg in mice.MSDS The LD50 in humans is not known.

Symptoms of overdose include respiratory depression, somnolence, stupor, coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, bradycardia, hypotension, airway obstruction, atypical snoring, and death.Label,L6598,L6601,L6604,L6607,L922,L6610 In case of overdose, patients should receive naloxone or nalmefene to reverse the action of the opioids as well as supportive measures to maintain the airway or advanced life support in the case of cardiac arrest.Label,L6598,L6601,L6604,L6607,L922,L6610

Fentanyl

DB00813

small molecule approved illicit investigational vet_approved

Deskripsi

Fentanyl, a potent opioid agonist, was developed in the 1950s to fill a need for strong and rapid analgesia.^A179542 Because of these characteristics, fentanyl is commonly used to treat chronic cancer pain or in anesthesia.Label,L6598,L6601,L6604,L6607,L922,L6610,L6613 Fentanyl is related to other opioids like morphine and oxycodone.

Fentanyl's high potency has also made it a common adulterant in illicit drugs, especially heroin.^A179542 In 2017, 47600 overdose deaths in the United States involved some opioid (over 2/3 of all overdose deaths).^L6748 Opioid overdoses kill an average of 11 Canadians daily.^L6751

Fentanyl was FDA approved in 1968.Label,L6598,L6601,L6604,L6607,L922,L6610,L6613

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 336.4705

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half life of fentanyl is 7 hours.[L6601] The half life of fentanyl sublingual spray is 5-12 hours.[L6607]

Volume Distribusi The intravenous volume of distribution is 4L/kg (3-8L/kg)[Label,L922]. The oral volume of distribution is 25.4L/kg.[L6604] In hepatically impaired patients, the intravenous volume of distribution ranges from 0.8-8L/kg.[L922] Fentanyl crosses the blood brain barrier[A179632] and the placenta.[A179635]

Klirens (Clearance) Total plasma clearance of fentanyl is 0.5L/hr/kg (0.3-0.7L/hr/kg)[L6601] or 42L/hr.[L6604,L6610] Following an intravenous dose, surgical patients displayed a clearance of 27-75L/h, hepatically impaired patients displayed a clearance of 3-80L/h, and renally impaired patients displayed a clearance of 30-78L/h.[L922]

Absorpsi

Fentanyl sublingual tablets are 54% bioavailable^L6598, transmucosal lozenges are 50% bioavailable^L6601, buccal tablets are 65% bioavailable^L6604, sublingual spray is 76% bioavailable^L6607, and nasal spray is 20% more bioavailable than transmucosal^L6610 (or approximately 64% bioavailable). Fentanyl transmucosal lozenges reach a C_max of 0.4±0.1ng/mL for a 200µg dose and 2.5±0.6ng/mL for a 1600µg dose with a T_max of 20-40 minutes.^A179644 The AUC was 172±96ng\*min/mL for a 200µg dose and 1508±1360ng\*min/mL for a 1600µg dose.^A179644 Fentanyl sublingual spray reached a C_max of 0.20±0.06ng/mL for a 100µg dose and 1.61±0.60ng/mL for an 800µg dose with a T_max of 0.69-1.25 hours, decreasing as the dose increased.^A179647 The AUC was 1.25±0.67ng\*h/mL for a 100µg dose and 10.38±3.70ng\*h/mL for a 800µg dose.^A179647 Fentanyl transdermal systems reached a C_max of 0.24±0.20ng/mL with a T_max of 3.6±1.3h for a 25µg/h dose.^A179653 The AUC was 0.42±0.35ng/mL\*h.^A179653 Fentanyl nasal spray reaches a C_max of 815±301pg/mL with a T_max of less than 1 hour for a 200µg/100µL dose.^A179656 The AUC was 3772pg\*h/mL.^A179656

Metabolisme

Fentanyl is metabolized to a number of inactive metabolites.^A178639 Fentanyl is 99% N-dealkylated to norfentanyl by cytochrome P450.^A178639 It can also be amide hydrolyzed to despropionylfentanyl, or alkyl hydroxylated to hydroxyfentanyl which is N-dealkylated to hydroxynorfentanyl.^A178639

Rute Eliminasi

Within 72 hours, 75% of a dose of fentanyl is excreted in the urine with <7% unchanged, and 9% is excreted in the feces with <1% unchanged.Label,L6598,L922

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data

1. Avoid alcohol.

Interaksi Obat

1845 Data

Ivabradine	Fentanyl may increase the bradycardic activities of Ivabradine.
Ruxolitinib	Ruxolitinib may increase the bradycardic activities of Fentanyl.
Valsartan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Valsartan.
Ramipril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ramipril.
Remikiren	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Remikiren.
Guanadrel	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanadrel.
Olmesartan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Olmesartan.
Atenolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Atenolol.
Minoxidil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Minoxidil.
Treprostinil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Treprostinil.
Trandolapril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trandolapril.
Benazepril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Benazepril.
Candoxatril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candoxatril.
Moexipril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Moexipril.
Nitroglycerin	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitroglycerin.
Cryptenamine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cryptenamine.
Candesartan cilexetil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candesartan cilexetil.
Eprosartan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Eprosartan.
Quinapril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinapril.
Telmisartan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Telmisartan.
Deserpidine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Deserpidine.
Terazosin	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Terazosin.
Captopril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Captopril.
Cilazapril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cilazapril.
Saprisartan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Saprisartan.
Spirapril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Spirapril.
Dexpropranolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Dexpropranolol.
Diethylnorspermine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Diethylnorspermine.
Temocapril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Temocapril.
Trimazosin	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Trimazosin.
Rauwolfia serpentina root	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Angiotensin 1-7	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Angiotensin 1-7.
Imidapril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Imidapril.
BQ-123	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of BQ-123.
Dihydralazine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Dihydralazine.
Zofenopril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Zofenopril.
Guanoxan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoxan.
Delapril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Delapril.
Vincamine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Vincamine.
Linsidomine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Linsidomine.
Guanoxabenz	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoxabenz.
Tolonidine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tolonidine.
Endralazine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Endralazine.
Cadralazine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Cadralazine.
Bietaserpine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bietaserpine.
Guanazodine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanazodine.
Methoserpidine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Methoserpidine.
Guanoclor	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanoclor.
Candesartan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Candesartan.
Tocopherylquinone	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tocopherylquinone.
Benazeprilat	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Benazeprilat.
Fosinoprilat	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fosinoprilat.
Ramiprilat	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ramiprilat.
Perindoprilat	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Perindoprilat.
Quinaprilat	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Quinaprilat.
Enalapril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalapril.
Nimodipine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nimodipine.
Carvedilol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Carvedilol.
Bepridil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bepridil.
Nebivolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nebivolol.
Pinacidil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Pinacidil.
Riociguat	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Riociguat.
Aliskiren	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Aliskiren.
Lacidipine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lacidipine.
Niguldipine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Niguldipine.
Naftopidil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Naftopidil.
Dexniguldipine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Dexniguldipine.
Prazosin	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Prazosin.
Acebutolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Acebutolol.
Debrisoquine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Debrisoquine.
Celiprolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Celiprolol.
Selexipag	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Selexipag.
Talinolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Talinolol.
Amlodipine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Amlodipine.
Metoprolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Metoprolol.
Nitroprusside	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitroprusside.
Timolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Timolol.
Nisoldipine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nisoldipine.
Fosinopril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fosinopril.
Lercanidipine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lercanidipine.
Bosentan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bosentan.
Propranolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Propranolol.
Doxazosin	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Doxazosin.
Labetalol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Labetalol.
Bisoprolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Bisoprolol.
Phentolamine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Phentolamine.
Lisinopril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Lisinopril.
Perindopril	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Perindopril.
Fenoldopam	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fenoldopam.
Tadalafil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Tadalafil.
Methyldopa	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Methyldopa.
Nitrendipine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nitrendipine.
Guanethidine	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Guanethidine.
Nadolol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nadolol.
Epoprostenol	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Epoprostenol.
Ambrisentan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Ambrisentan.
Macitentan	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Macitentan.
Nicorandil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Nicorandil.
Enalaprilat	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat.
Azilsartan medoxomil	Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Azilsartan medoxomil.

Target Protein

Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1

Delta-type opioid receptor OPRD1

Kappa-type opioid receptor OPRK1

ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 ABCB1

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Mark Rubino, "Process of making fentanyl intermediates." U.S. Patent US20060100438, issued May 11, 2006.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 4420811
Van Bever WF, Niemegeers CJ, Janssen PA: Synthetic analgesics. Synthesis and pharmacology of the diastereoisomers of N-(3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl)-N-phenylpropanamide and N-(3-methyl-1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl)-N-phenylpropanamide. J Med Chem. 1974 Oct;17(10):1047-51.
PMID: 18001263
Taylor DR: Fentanyl buccal tablet: rapid relief from breakthrough pain. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Dec;8(17):3043-51.
PMID: 17617282
Simpson DM, Messina J, Xie F, Hale M: Fentanyl buccal tablet for the relief of breakthrough pain in opioid-tolerant adult patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther. 2007 Apr;29(4):588-601.
PMID: 2569731
Roy SD, Flynn GL: Solubility behavior of narcotic analgesics in aqueous media: solubilities and dissociation constants of morphine, fentanyl, and sufentanil. Pharm Res. 1989 Feb;6(2):147-51.
PMID: 26227254
DePriest AZ, Puet BL, Holt AC, Roberts A, Cone EJ: Metabolism and Disposition of Prescription Opioids: A Review. Forensic Sci Rev. 2015 Jul;27(2):115-45.
PMID: 22020140
Al-Hasani R, Bruchas MR: Molecular mechanisms of opioid receptor-dependent signaling and behavior. Anesthesiology. 2011 Dec;115(6):1363-81. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318238bba6.
PMID: 25314012
Bista SR, Haywood A, Hardy J, Lobb M, Tapuni A, Norris R: Protein binding of fentanyl and its metabolite nor-fentanyl in human plasma, albumin and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. Xenobiotica. 2015 Mar;45(3):207-12. doi: 10.3109/00498254.2014.971093. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
PMID: 28980330
Raffa RB, Pergolizzi JV Jr, LeQuang JA, Taylor R Jr, Colucci S, Annabi MH: The fentanyl family: A distinguished medical history tainted by abuse. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2018 Feb;43(1):154-158. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12640. Epub 2017 Oct 4.

Menampilkan 8 dari 14 artikel.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 498 • International brands: 4

Produk

Abstral

Tablet • 100 ug/1 • Sublingual • US • Approved
Abstral

Tablet • 200 ug/1 • Sublingual • US • Approved
Abstral

Tablet • 300 ug/1 • Sublingual • US • Approved
Abstral

Tablet • 400 ug/1 • Sublingual • US • Approved
Abstral

Tablet • 600 ug/1 • Sublingual • US • Approved
Abstral

Tablet • 800 ug/1 • Sublingual • US • Approved
Abstral

Tablet • 100 ug/1 • Sublingual • US • Approved
Abstral

Tablet • 200 ug/1 • Sublingual • US • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 498 produk.

International Brands

Durogesic — Janssen
Fentanest — Pfizer
Nasalfent — Archimedes
Rapinyl — Gedeon Richter

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.