Peringatan Keamanan

Side effects include alopecia, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting and secondary malignancies (leukemia).

Etoposide

DB00773

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 588.5566
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 4-11 hours
Volume Distribusi The disposition of etoposide is a biphasic process with a distribution half-life of 1.5 hours. It does not cross into cerebrospinal fluid well. Volume of distribution, steady state = 18 - 29 L.
Klirens (Clearance) * Total body clearance = 33 - 48 mL/min [IV administration, adults] * Mean renal clearance = 7 - 10 mL/min/m^2

Absorpsi

Absorbed well, time to peak plasma concentration is 1-1.5 hrs. Mean bioavailability is 50% (range of 25% - 75%). Cmax and AUC values for orally administered etoposide capsules display intra- and inter-subject variability. There is no evidence of first-pass effect for etoposide.

Metabolisme

Primarily hepatic (through O-demethylation via the CYP450 3A4 isoenzyme pathway) with 40% excreted unchanged in the urine. Etoposide also undergoes glutathione and glucuronide conjugation which are catalyzed by GSTT1/GSTP1 and UGT1A1, respectively. Prostaglandin synthases are also responsible for the conversion of etoposide to O-demethylated metabolites (quinone).

Rute Eliminasi

Etoposide is cleared by both renal and nonrenal processes, i.e., metabolism and biliary excretion. Glucuronide and/or sulfate conjugates of etoposide are also excreted in human urine. Biliary excretion of unchanged drug and/or metabolites is an important route of etoposide elimination as fecal recovery of radioactivity is 44% of the intravenous dose. 56% of the dose was in the urine, 45% of which was excreted as etoposide.

Interaksi Makanan

2 Data
  • 1. Avoid grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism, which may increase the serum concentration of etoposide.
  • 2. Exercise caution with St. John's Wort. This herb induces CYP3A4 metabolism, which may reduce serum levels of etoposide.

Interaksi Obat

1284 Data
Denosumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Denosumab is combined with Etoposide.
Peginterferon alfa-2a The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2a is combined with Etoposide.
Interferon alfa-n1 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n1 is combined with Etoposide.
Interferon alfa-n3 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n3 is combined with Etoposide.
Interferon gamma-1b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon gamma-1b is combined with Etoposide.
Interferon alfa-2a The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2a is combined with Etoposide.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is combined with Etoposide.
Pegaspargase The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pegaspargase is combined with Etoposide.
Interferon beta-1b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon beta-1b is combined with Etoposide.
Interferon alfacon-1 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfacon-1 is combined with Etoposide.
Rituximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rituximab is combined with Etoposide.
Basiliximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Basiliximab is combined with Etoposide.
Muromonab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Muromonab is combined with Etoposide.
Ibritumomab tiuxetan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibritumomab tiuxetan is combined with Etoposide.
Tositumomab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tositumomab is combined with Etoposide.
Alemtuzumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Etoposide.
Alefacept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alefacept is combined with Etoposide.
Efalizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efalizumab is combined with Etoposide.
Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is combined with Etoposide.
Interferon alfa-2b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2b is combined with Etoposide.
Daclizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Daclizumab is combined with Etoposide.
Phenylalanine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenylalanine is combined with Etoposide.
Cladribine Etoposide may increase the immunosuppressive activities of Cladribine.
Carmustine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carmustine is combined with Etoposide.
Amsacrine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amsacrine is combined with Etoposide.
Bleomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bleomycin is combined with Etoposide.
Chlorambucil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorambucil is combined with Etoposide.
Raltitrexed The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Raltitrexed is combined with Etoposide.
Mitomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mitomycin is combined with Etoposide.
Floxuridine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Floxuridine is combined with Etoposide.
Tioguanine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tioguanine is combined with Etoposide.
Dexrazoxane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexrazoxane is combined with Etoposide.
Streptozocin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Streptozocin is combined with Etoposide.
Trifluridine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trifluridine is combined with Etoposide.
Gemcitabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemcitabine is combined with Etoposide.
Epirubicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epirubicin is combined with Etoposide.
Lenalidomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lenalidomide is combined with Etoposide.
Altretamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Altretamine is combined with Etoposide.
Cisplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cisplatin is combined with Etoposide.
Oxaliplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxaliplatin is combined with Etoposide.
Fluorouracil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluorouracil is combined with Etoposide.
Propylthiouracil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propylthiouracil is combined with Etoposide.
Pentostatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentostatin is combined with Etoposide.
Linezolid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Linezolid is combined with Etoposide.
Clofarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clofarabine is combined with Etoposide.
Prednisone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Etoposide.
Pemetrexed The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pemetrexed is combined with Etoposide.
Fludrocortisone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fludrocortisone is combined with Etoposide.
Sulfasalazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Sulfasalazine.
Dacarbazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Dacarbazine.
Temozolomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Temozolomide.
Penicillamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Penicillamine.
Mechlorethamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Mechlorethamine.
Azacitidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Azacitidine.
Carboplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Carboplatin.
Dactinomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Dactinomycin.
Azathioprine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Azathioprine.
Hydroxyurea The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Mycophenolic acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Mycophenolic acid.
Mercaptopurine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Mercaptopurine.
Thalidomide The metabolism of Etoposide can be increased when combined with Thalidomide.
Melphalan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Melphalan.
Fludarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Fludarabine.
Flucytosine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Flucytosine.
Capecitabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Capecitabine.
Procarbazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Procarbazine.
Idarubicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Idarubicin.
Estramustine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Estramustine.
Lomustine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Lomustine.
Eculizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Eculizumab.
Decitabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Decitabine.
Nelarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Nelarabine.
Ciclesonide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Ciclesonide.
Stepronin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Stepronin.
Hydroxychloroquine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Hydroxychloroquine.
Castanospermine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Castanospermine.
Vorinostat The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Vorinostat.
2-Methoxyethanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with 2-Methoxyethanol.
Brequinar The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Brequinar.
Aldosterone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Aldosterone.
Pirfenidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Pirfenidone.
Interferon alfa The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Interferon alfa.
Glatiramer The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Glatiramer.
Briakinumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Briakinumab.
Human interferon omega-1 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Human interferon omega-1.
Mepolizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Mepolizumab.
Abetimus The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Abetimus.
Belatacept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Belatacept.
Bendamustine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Bendamustine.
Pralatrexate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Pralatrexate.
Wortmannin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Wortmannin.
Eribulin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Eribulin.
Belimumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Belimumab.
Dimethyl fumarate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Dimethyl fumarate.
Obinutuzumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Obinutuzumab.
Vedolizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Vedolizumab.
Blinatumomab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Blinatumomab.
Dinutuximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Dinutuximab.
Vilanterol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Vilanterol.
Tixocortol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Tixocortol.

Target Protein

DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha TOP2A
DNA topoisomerase 2-beta TOP2B

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 11531262
    Zhou Z, Zwelling LA, Ganapathi R, Kleinerman ES: Enhanced etoposide sensitivity following adenovirus-mediated human topoisomerase IIalpha gene transfer is independent of topoisomerase IIbeta. Br J Cancer. 2001 Sep 1;85(5):747-51.
  • PMID: 17578914
    Azarova AM, Lyu YL, Lin CP, Tsai YC, Lau JY, Wang JC, Liu LF: Roles of DNA topoisomerase II isozymes in chemotherapy and secondary malignancies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jun 26;104(26):11014-9. Epub 2007 Jun 19.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 44 • International brands: 5
Produk
  • Dom-etoposide
    Liquid • 20 mg / mL • Intravenous • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Eposin
    Liquid • 20 mg / mL • Intravenous • Canada • Approved
  • Etopophos
    Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution • 100 mg/1 • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Etopophos
    Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution • 100 mg/1 • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Etoposide
    Injection • 20 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Generic • Approved
  • Etoposide
    Injection • 20 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Generic • Approved
  • Etoposide
    Injection • 20 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Generic • Approved
  • Etoposide
    Injection • 20 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Generic • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 44 produk.
International Brands
  • Etopofos — Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Lastet — Cancernova
  • Nexvep — Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Vepesid K — Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Vépéside — Novartis

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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