Peringatan Keamanan

Malathion is slightly toxic via the oral route, with reported oral LD₅₀ values of 1000 mg/kg to greater than 10,000 mg/kg in the rat. It is also slightly toxic via the dermal route, with reported dermal LD₅₀ values of greater than 4000 mg/kg in rats. Moderate poisoning can result in chest tightness, difficulty breathing, bradycardia, tachycardia, tremor/ataxia, blurred vision, and confusion. Severe, life-threatening signs include coma, seizures, respiratory arrest, and paralysis. Malathion may also be irritating to the skin and eyes.

Malathion

DB00772

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Malathion is a parasympathomimetic organophosphate compound that is used as an insecticide for the treatment of head lice. Malathion is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor and has low human toxicity.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 330.358

Wujud liquid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 8-24 hours

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Malathion in an acetone vehicle has been reported to be absorbed through normal human skin only to the extent of 8% of the applied dose. Absorption may be increased when malathion is applied to damaged skin. Malathion is rapidly and effectively absorbed by practically all routes including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucous membranes, and lungs. However, it is readily excreted in the urine, and does not accumulate in organs or tissues.

Metabolisme

The major metabolites of malathion are the diacid and monoacid metabolites, namely, malathion dicarboxylic acid (DCA) and malathion monocarboxylic acid (MCA). Malaoxon, the active cholinesterase-inhibiting metabolite of malathion, is a minor metabolite. Both malathion and malaoxon are detoxified by carboxyesterases leading to polar, water-soluble compounds that are excreted.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

30 Data

Dipyridamole	The therapeutic efficacy of Malathion can be decreased when used in combination with Dipyridamole.
Trazodone	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Trazodone is combined with Malathion.
Pitolisant	Malathion may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pitolisant.
Lefamulin	Lefamulin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Malathion.
Hydroxyzine	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Hydroxyzine.
Ziprasidone	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Ziprasidone.
Haloperidol	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Haloperidol.
Fluoxetine	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Fluoxetine is combined with Malathion.
Abametapir	The serum concentration of Malathion can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Ponesimod	The risk or severity of bradycardia can be increased when Ponesimod is combined with Malathion.
Fexinidazole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Malathion is combined with Fexinidazole.
Mobocertinib	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Mobocertinib.
Dabrafenib	The serum concentration of Malathion can be decreased when it is combined with Dabrafenib.
Telotristat ethyl	The serum concentration of Malathion can be decreased when it is combined with Telotristat ethyl.
Clozapine	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Clozapine.
Glasdegib	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Glasdegib.
Vilanterol	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias can be increased when Vilanterol is combined with Malathion.
Oxaliplatin	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Oxaliplatin is combined with Malathion.
Quizartinib	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Quizartinib.
Citalopram	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Citalopram.
Pimavanserin	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Pimavanserin.
Gepirone	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Gepirone is combined with Malathion.
Etrasimod	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes can be increased when Etrasimod is combined with Malathion.
Bedaquiline	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Bedaquiline.
Encorafenib	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Encorafenib is combined with Malathion.
Givinostat	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Givinostat.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Inotuzumab ozogamicin.
Mavorixafor	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Mavorixafor is combined with Malathion.
Ribociclib	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Ribociclib is combined with Malathion.
Revumenib	The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Malathion is combined with Revumenib.

Target Protein

Cholinesterase BCHE

Acetylcholinesterase ACHE

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Noel Rouy, Georges Gros, "Process for the preparation of malathion." U.S. Patent US4367180, issued August, 1969.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 74508
Baker EL Jr, Warren M, Zack M, Dobbin RD, Miles JW, Miller S, Alderman L, Teeters WR: Epidemic malathion poisoning in Pakistan malaria workers. Lancet. 1978 Jan 7;1(8054):31-4.
PMID: 17720683
Bonner MR, Coble J, Blair A, Beane Freeman LE, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC: Malathion exposure and the incidence of cancer in the agricultural health study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Nov 1;166(9):1023-34. Epub 2007 Aug 23.
PMID: 16914134
Edwards JW, Lee SG, Heath LM, Pisaniello DL: Worker exposure and a risk assessment of malathion and fenthion used in the control of Mediterranean fruit fly in South Australia. Environ Res. 2007 Jan;103(1):38-45. Epub 2006 Aug 17.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 7 • International brands: 3

Produk

Malathion

Lotion • 0.005 g/1mL • Topical • US • Generic • Approved
Malathion

Lotion • 0.0005 g/1mL • Topical • US • Generic • Approved
Malathion

Lotion • 0.005 g/1mL • Topical • US • Generic • Approved
Malathion

Lotion • 0.005 g/1mL • Topical • US • Approved
Malathion lotion, 0.5%

Lotion • 5 mg/1mL • Topical • US • Generic • Approved
Ovide

Lotion • 0.0005 g/1mL • Topical • US • Generic • Approved
Ovide

Lotion • 0.005 g/1mL • Topical • US • Approved

International Brands

Derbac-M — SSL
Noury — Alfaco
Prioderm — Norpharma

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.