Peringatan Keamanan

Mannitol overdose may result in bronchoconstriction and should be counteracted using a short-acting bronchodilator and other symptomatic and supportive care, as necessary.L20024

Mannitol

DB00742

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid.

On October 30, 2020, mannitol was approved by the FDA as add-on maintenance therapy for the control of pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis in adult patients and is currently marketed for this indication under the name BRONCHITOL® by Chiesi USA Inc.L20024

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 182.1718
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Mannitol has an elimination half-life of 4.7 hours following oral administration; the mean terminal elimination half-life is similar regardless of administration route (oral, inhalation, and intravenous.[L20024]
Volume Distribusi Mannitol administered intravenously has a volume of distribution of 34.3 L.[L20024]
Klirens (Clearance) Intravenous administration of mannitol yields a total clearance of 5.1 L/hr and renal clearance of 4.4 L/hr.[L20024]

Absorpsi

Approximately 7% of ingested mannitol is absorbed during gastrointestinal perfusion in uremic patients. Inhalation of 635 mg of mannitol powder yields a plasma Cmax of 13.71 ?g/mL in 1.5 hours (Tmax) and a mean systemic AUC of 73.15 ?g\*h/mL.L20024

Metabolisme

Mannitol is metabolized only slightly, if at all, to glycogen in the liver.

Rute Eliminasi

Mannitol is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. Following oral inhalation of 635 mg of mannitol in healthy volunteers, 55% of the total dose was recovered unchanged in the urine; following oral or intravenous administration of 500 mg, the corresponding values were 54 and 87%, respectively.L20024

Interaksi Obat

1328 Data
Duloxetine The risk or severity of orthostatic hypotension and syncope can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Duloxetine.
Levodopa The risk or severity of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Levodopa.
Risperidone Mannitol may increase the hypotensive activities of Risperidone.
Ranolazine The serum concentration of Mannitol can be increased when it is combined with Ranolazine.
Foscarnet The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Foscarnet.
Cyclosporine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cyclosporine.
Icosapent The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Icosapent.
Cefotiam The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefotiam.
Mesalazine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mesalazine is combined with Mannitol.
Cefmenoxime The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefmenoxime.
Cefmetazole The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefmetazole.
Pamidronic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Pamidronic acid.
Tenofovir disoproxil The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Tenofovir disoproxil.
Capreomycin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Capreomycin.
Cidofovir The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cidofovir.
Triamterene The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Triamterene.
Cefpiramide The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefpiramide.
Ceftazidime The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Ceftazidime.
Loracarbef The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Loracarbef.
Framycetin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Framycetin.
Cefalotin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefalotin.
Nabumetone The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Nabumetone.
Ketorolac The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Ketorolac.
Tenoxicam The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Tenoxicam.
Amikacin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Amikacin.
Celecoxib The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Celecoxib.
Cefotaxime The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefotaxime.
Tolmetin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Tolmetin.
Vancomycin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Vancomycin.
Cisplatin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cisplatin.
Rofecoxib The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Rofecoxib.
Piroxicam The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Piroxicam.
Methotrexate The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Methotrexate.
Cephalexin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cephalexin.
Fenoprofen The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Fenoprofen.
Valaciclovir The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Valaciclovir.
Valdecoxib The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Valdecoxib.
Diclofenac The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Diclofenac.
Sulindac The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Sulindac.
Bacitracin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Bacitracin.
Amphotericin B The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Amphotericin B.
Tobramycin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Tobramycin.
Cephaloglycin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cephaloglycin.
Furosemide The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Furosemide.
Flurbiprofen The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Flurbiprofen.
Adefovir dipivoxil The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Adefovir dipivoxil.
Pentamidine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Pentamidine.
Etodolac The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Etodolac.
Mefenamic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Mefenamic acid.
Acyclovir The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Acyclovir.
Naproxen The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Naproxen.
Sulfasalazine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Sulfasalazine.
Gentamicin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Gentamicin.
Phenylbutazone The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Phenylbutazone.
Carprofen The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Carprofen.
Cefaclor The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefaclor.
Diflunisal The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Diflunisal.
Tacrolimus The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Tacrolimus.
Bumetanide The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Bumetanide.
Etacrynic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Etacrynic acid.
Ceforanide The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Ceforanide.
Salicylic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Salicylic acid.
Meclofenamic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Meclofenamic acid.
Netilmicin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Netilmicin.
Carboplatin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Carboplatin.
Oxaprozin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Oxaprozin.
Hydrochlorothiazide The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Hydrochlorothiazide.
Ketoprofen The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Ketoprofen.
Balsalazide The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Balsalazide.
Ibuprofen The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Ibuprofen.
Cefditoren The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefditoren.
Atazanavir The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Atazanavir.
Streptomycin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Streptomycin.
Colistimethate The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Colistimethate.
Cefuroxime The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefuroxime.
Cefapirin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefapirin.
Cefadroxil The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefadroxil.
Cefprozil The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefprozil.
Kanamycin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Kanamycin.
Ceftriaxone The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Ceftriaxone.
Olsalazine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Olsalazine.
Lumiracoxib The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Lumiracoxib.
Cefamandole The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefamandole.
Cefazolin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefazolin.
Cefonicid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefonicid.
Cefoperazone The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefoperazone.
Cefotetan The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefotetan.
Cefoxitin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefoxitin.
Ceftizoxime The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Ceftizoxime.
Cefradine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefradine.
Lithium cation The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Lithium cation.
Magnesium salicylate The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Magnesium salicylate.
Salsalate The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Salsalate.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Cefepime The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefepime.
Cefacetrile The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefacetrile.
Ceftibuten The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Ceftibuten.
Cefpodoxime The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Cefpodoxime.
Antrafenine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Antrafenine.
Paromomycin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Paromomycin.

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Walter M. Kruse, "Process for preparing mannitol from glucose." U.S. Patent US4029878, issued August, 1956.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 11564247
    Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Improving clinical outcomes from acute subdural hematomas with the emergency preoperative administration of high doses of mannitol: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2001 Oct;49(4):864-71.
  • PMID: 12188940
    Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of mannitol for intraparenchymal temporal lobe hemorrhages with abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2002 Sep;51(3):628-37; discussion 637-8.
  • PMID: 15035271
    Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K, Facco E: Successful use of the new high-dose mannitol treatment in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 and bilateral abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;100(3):376-83.
  • PMID: 17322250
    Roberts I, Smith R, Evans S: Doubts over head injury studies. BMJ. 2007 Feb 24;334(7590):392-4.
  • PMID: 16235278
    Wakai A, Roberts I, Schierhout G: Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Oct 19;(4):CD001049.
  • PMID: 6821187
    Wang YM, van Eys J: Nutritional significance of fructose and sugar alcohols. Annu Rev Nutr. 1981;1:437-75.
  • PMID: 30884217
    Southern KW, Clancy JP, Ranganathan S: Aerosolized agents for airway clearance in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019 Jun;54(6):858-864. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24306. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 118 • International brands: 21
Produk
  • Additive Solution Sodium Adenine Glucose Mannitol (sagm)
    Solution • - • Extracorporeal • Canada • Approved
  • Adsol Red Cell Preservation
    Kit • - • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Adsol Red Cell Preservation
    Kit • - • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Adsol Red Cell Preservation
    Kit • - • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Adsol Red Cell Preservation
    Kit • - • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Adsol Red Cell Preservation
    Kit; Solution • - • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Adsol Red Cell Preservation
    Kit; Solution • - • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Adsol Red Cell Preservation
    Kit; Solution • - • Intravenous • US • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 118 produk.
International Brands
  • Anol — Astar
  • Aridol — Pharmaxis
  • Deltamannit — DeltaSelect
  • Demanitol — Medifarma
  • Diurecide — Lusa
  • Isotol
  • Manicol
  • Manit — Pliva
  • Manitol Mein — Fresenius
  • Maniton

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