Peringatan Keamanan

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with hypocalcemia, while severe overdoses can present with kidney failure, liver damage, and unconsciousness.L13910 Overdose can be managed through symptomatic and supportive care, including monitoring and administration of electrolytes including calcium.L13910 Gastric lavage may remove unabsorbed drug in the gastrointestinal tract.L13910

Clodronic acid

DB00720

small molecule approved investigational vet_approved

Deskripsi

Clodronic acid is a first generation bisphosphonate similar to etidronic acid and tiludronic acid.A203111 These drugs were developed to mimic the action of pyrophosphate, a regulator of calcification and decalcification.A1923 clodronate’s use has decreased over the years in favor of the third generation, nitrogen containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid, ibandronic acid, minodronic acid, and risedronic acid.A203111

Clodronic acid is not FDA approved, but is approved in Canada.L13910

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 244.892
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The mean plasma half life of clodronate is 5.6h.[L13910]
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) The renal clearance of clodronate is approximately 90mL/min.[L13910]

Absorpsi

Oral clodronic acid has a bioavailability of 1-2%.A203378 A 200mg intravenous dose reaches a Cmax of 16.1mg/L with an AUC of 44.2mg\*h/L.A203378 A 200mg intramuscular dose reaches a Cmax of 12.8mg/L with an AUC of 47.5mg\*h/L.A203378 Further pharmacokinetic data for clodronic acid are not readily available.L13910

Metabolisme

Clodronate is not metabolized in humans.L13910

Rute Eliminasi

Clodronate is eliminated unchanged in the urine.L13910

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take on an empty stomach. Co-administration with food may decrease absorption.

Interaksi Obat

331 Data
Deferasirox The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding and gastrointestinal ulceration can be increased when Clodronic acid is combined with Deferasirox.
Estramustine The serum concentration of Estramustine can be increased when it is combined with Clodronic acid.
Bevacizumab The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Bevacizumab is combined with Clodronic acid.
Lenalidomide The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Lenalidomide is combined with Clodronic acid.
Thalidomide The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Thalidomide is combined with Clodronic acid.
Sunitinib The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Sunitinib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Ranibizumab The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Ranibizumab is combined with Clodronic acid.
Fumagillin The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Fumagillin is combined with Clodronic acid.
Resveratrol The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Resveratrol is combined with Clodronic acid.
Halofuginone The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Halofuginone is combined with Clodronic acid.
Anecortave acetate The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Anecortave acetate is combined with Clodronic acid.
Endostatin The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Endostatin is combined with Clodronic acid.
Semaxanib The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Semaxanib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Squalamine The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Squalamine is combined with Clodronic acid.
Pazopanib The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Pazopanib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Volociximab The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Volociximab is combined with Clodronic acid.
TNP-470 The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when TNP-470 is combined with Clodronic acid.
Pomalidomide The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Pomalidomide is combined with Clodronic acid.
Roquinimex The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Roquinimex is combined with Clodronic acid.
Endostar The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Endostar is combined with Clodronic acid.
Trebananib The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Trebananib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Anecortave The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Anecortave is combined with Clodronic acid.
Beloranib The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Beloranib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Brolucizumab The risk or severity of jaw osteonecrosis and anti-angiogenesis can be increased when Brolucizumab is combined with Clodronic acid.
Pantoprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Clodronic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Pantoprazole.
Omeprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Clodronic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Omeprazole.
Lansoprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Clodronic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Lansoprazole.
Esomeprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Clodronic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Esomeprazole.
Rabeprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Clodronic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Rabeprazole.
Dexlansoprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Clodronic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Dexlansoprazole.
Dexrabeprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Clodronic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Dexrabeprazole.
Ilaprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Clodronic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Ilaprazole.
Icosapent The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Icosapent is combined with Clodronic acid.
Mesalazine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Mesalazine is combined with Clodronic acid.
Indomethacin The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Indomethacin is combined with Clodronic acid.
Nabumetone The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Nabumetone is combined with Clodronic acid.
Ketorolac The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Ketorolac is combined with Clodronic acid.
Tenoxicam The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Tenoxicam is combined with Clodronic acid.
Celecoxib The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Celecoxib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Tolmetin The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Tolmetin is combined with Clodronic acid.
Rofecoxib The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Rofecoxib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Piroxicam The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Piroxicam is combined with Clodronic acid.
Fenoprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Fenoprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Valdecoxib The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Valdecoxib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Diclofenac The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Diclofenac is combined with Clodronic acid.
Sulindac The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Sulindac is combined with Clodronic acid.
Flurbiprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Flurbiprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Etodolac The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Etodolac is combined with Clodronic acid.
Mefenamic acid The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Mefenamic acid is combined with Clodronic acid.
Naproxen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Naproxen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Sulfasalazine The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Sulfasalazine is combined with Clodronic acid.
Phenylbutazone The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Phenylbutazone is combined with Clodronic acid.
Meloxicam The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Meloxicam is combined with Clodronic acid.
Carprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Carprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Diflunisal The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Diflunisal is combined with Clodronic acid.
Salicylic acid The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Salicylic acid is combined with Clodronic acid.
Meclofenamic acid The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Meclofenamic acid is combined with Clodronic acid.
Acetylsalicylic acid The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Acetylsalicylic acid is combined with Clodronic acid.
Oxaprozin The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Oxaprozin is combined with Clodronic acid.
Ketoprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Ketoprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Balsalazide The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Balsalazide is combined with Clodronic acid.
Ibuprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Ibuprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Olsalazine The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Olsalazine is combined with Clodronic acid.
Lumiracoxib The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Lumiracoxib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Magnesium salicylate The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Magnesium salicylate is combined with Clodronic acid.
Salsalate The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Salsalate is combined with Clodronic acid.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Choline magnesium trisalicylate is combined with Clodronic acid.
Antrafenine The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Antrafenine is combined with Clodronic acid.
Aminophenazone The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Aminophenazone is combined with Clodronic acid.
Antipyrine The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Antipyrine is combined with Clodronic acid.
Tiaprofenic acid The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Tiaprofenic acid is combined with Clodronic acid.
Etoricoxib The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Etoricoxib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Taxifolin The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Taxifolin is combined with Clodronic acid.
Oxyphenbutazone The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Oxyphenbutazone is combined with Clodronic acid.
Licofelone The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Licofelone is combined with Clodronic acid.
Nimesulide The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Nimesulide is combined with Clodronic acid.
Benoxaprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Benoxaprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Metamizole The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Metamizole is combined with Clodronic acid.
Zomepirac The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Zomepirac is combined with Clodronic acid.
Cimicoxib The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Cimicoxib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Lornoxicam The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Lornoxicam is combined with Clodronic acid.
Aceclofenac The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Aceclofenac is combined with Clodronic acid.
Zaltoprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Zaltoprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Azapropazone The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Azapropazone is combined with Clodronic acid.
Parecoxib The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Parecoxib is combined with Clodronic acid.
Salicylamide The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Salicylamide is combined with Clodronic acid.
Kebuzone The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Kebuzone is combined with Clodronic acid.
Isoxicam The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Isoxicam is combined with Clodronic acid.
Indoprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Indoprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Ibuproxam The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Ibuproxam is combined with Clodronic acid.
Floctafenine The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Floctafenine is combined with Clodronic acid.
Fenbufen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Fenbufen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Etofenamate The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Etofenamate is combined with Clodronic acid.
Epirizole The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Epirizole is combined with Clodronic acid.
Benzydamine The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Benzydamine is combined with Clodronic acid.
Dexibuprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Dexibuprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Dexketoprofen The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Dexketoprofen is combined with Clodronic acid.
Droxicam The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Droxicam is combined with Clodronic acid.
Tolfenamic acid The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Tolfenamic acid is combined with Clodronic acid.
Firocoxib The risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be increased when Firocoxib is combined with Clodronic acid.

Target Protein

Hydroxylapatite
ADP/ATP translocase 1 SLC25A4
ADP/ATP translocase 2 SLC25A5
ADP/ATP translocase 3 SLC25A6

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Fritz Demmer, Berthold Stemmle, "Clodronate-containing medicaments and a process for the preparation thereof." U.S. Patent US4859472, issued September, 1980.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 30650219
    Cremers S, Drake MT, Ebetino FH, Bilezikian JP, Russell RGG: Pharmacology of bisphosphonates. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Jun;85(6):1052-1062. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13867. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
  • PMID: 8573422
    Sansom LN, Necciari J, Thiercelin JF: Human pharmacokinetics of tiludronate. Bone. 1995 Nov;17(5 Suppl):479S-483S.
  • PMID: 2525532
    Pentikainen PJ, Elomaa I, Nurmi AK, Karkkainen S: Pharmacokinetics of clodronate in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1989 May;27(5):222-8.
  • PMID: 19432497
    Frediani B, Cavalieri L, Cremonesi G: Clodronic acid formulations available in Europe and their use in osteoporosis: a review. Clin Drug Investig. 2009;29(6):359-79. doi: 10.2165/00044011-200929060-00001.
  • PMID: 18214569
    Russell RG, Watts NB, Ebetino FH, Rogers MJ: Mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates: similarities and differences and their potential influence on clinical efficacy. Osteoporos Int. 2008 Jun;19(6):733-59. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0540-8.
  • PMID: 9145236
    Murakami H, Takahashi N, Tanaka S, Nakamura I, Udagawa N, Nakajo S, Nakaya K, Abe M, Yuda Y, Konno F, Barbier A, Suda T: Tiludronate inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in osteoclasts. Bone. 1997 May;20(5):399-404.
  • PMID: 21555003
    Russell RG: Bisphosphonates: the first 40 years. Bone. 2011 Jul;49(1):2-19. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.04.022. Epub 2011 May 1.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 4 • International brands: 5
Produk
  • Bonefos
    Solution • 60 mg / mL • Intravenous • Canada • Approved
  • Bonefos
    Capsule • 400 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Clasteon
    Capsule • 400 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Ostac Cap 400mg
    Capsule • 400 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved
International Brands
  • Lodronat — Boehringer Ingelheim
  • Loron — Roche
  • Lytos — Roche
  • Ostac — Roche
  • Sindronat — Sindan

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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