Peringatan Keamanan

Symptoms of overdose include vomiting.L6856,L6859,L6862 In case of overdose, induce vomiting if it has not already occurred and increase fluid intake to promote urination.L6856,L6859,L6862 In extreme cases, nitrofurantoin can be removed from circulation by dialysis.L6856,L6859,L6862

Nitrofurantoin

DB00698

small molecule approved vet_approved

Deskripsi

Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections.L6856,L6859,L6862 Nitrofurantoin is converted by bacterial nitroreductases to electrophilic intermediates which inhibit the citric acid cycle as well as synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein.A179824 This drug is more resistant to the development of bacterial resistance because it acts on many targets at once.A179824 Nitrofurantoin is a second line treatment to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.A179830

Nitrofurantoin was granted FDA approval on 6 February 1953.L6895

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 238.159
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half life of nitrofurantoin is 0.72-0.78h.[A179830]
Volume Distribusi Data regarding the volume of distribution in humans is scarce but it has been reported as 0.46L/kg in dogs.[A179857]
Klirens (Clearance) The clearance of nitrofurantoin is 16.7-19.4L/h.[A179830]

Absorpsi

Nitrofurantoin reaches a Cmax of 0.875-0.963mg/L with an AUC of 2.21-2.42mg\*h/L.A179830 It is 38.8-44.3% bioavailable.A179830 Taking nitrofurantoin with food increases the absorption and duration of therapeutic concentrations in the urine.A179854

Metabolisme

0.8-1.8% of a dose is metabolized to aminofurantoin, and ?0.9% of a dose is metabolized to other metabolites.A179860

Rute Eliminasi

27-50% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged nitrofurantoin.A179830 90% of the total dose is eliminated in the urine.A179836

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with food. Food decreases irritation and increases bioavailability.

Interaksi Obat

1159 Data
Nifedipine Nitrofurantoin may decrease the excretion rate of Nifedipine which could result in a higher serum level.
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Troglitazone Troglitazone may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Erythromycin Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Reserpine Reserpine may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Progesterone Progesterone may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cimetidine Cimetidine may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Bosentan Bosentan may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Tipranavir Tipranavir may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Glyburide Glyburide may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketoconazole Ketoconazole may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cholic Acid Cholic Acid may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Fusidic acid Fusidic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Simeprevir Simeprevir may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Lenvatinib Lenvatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Valinomycin Valinomycin may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Olmesartan Olmesartan may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Pralsetinib Pralsetinib may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Prilocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Nitrofurantoin is combined with Prilocaine.
Spironolactone Nitrofurantoin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Spironolactone.
Moxifloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Moxifloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Grepafloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Grepafloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Enoxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Pefloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Pefloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Ciprofloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Ciprofloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Trovafloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Trovafloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Nalidixic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Nalidixic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Rosoxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Rosoxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Cinoxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Cinoxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Lomefloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Lomefloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Gatifloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Gatifloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Norfloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Norfloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Levofloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Levofloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Gemifloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Gemifloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Ofloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Ofloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Sparfloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Sparfloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Temafloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Temafloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Fleroxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Fleroxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Garenoxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Garenoxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Nemonoxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Nemonoxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Flumequine The therapeutic efficacy of Flumequine can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Enrofloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Enrofloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Orbifloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Orbifloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Sarafloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Sarafloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Difloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Difloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Pazufloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Pazufloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Prulifloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Prulifloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Delafloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Delafloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Sitafloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Sitafloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Oxolinic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Oxolinic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Rufloxacin The therapeutic efficacy of Rufloxacin can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Pipemidic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Pipemidic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Allopurinol The serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin can be increased when it is combined with Allopurinol.
Probenecid The serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin can be increased when it is combined with Probenecid.
Sulfinpyrazone The serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin can be increased when it is combined with Sulfinpyrazone.
Tienilic acid The serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin can be increased when it is combined with Tienilic acid.
Azapropazone The serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin can be increased when it is combined with Azapropazone.
Lesinurad The serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin can be increased when it is combined with Lesinurad.
Benzbromarone The serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin can be increased when it is combined with Benzbromarone.
Benziodarone The serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin can be increased when it is combined with Benziodarone.
Picosulfuric acid The therapeutic efficacy of Picosulfuric acid can be decreased when used in combination with Nitrofurantoin.
Dapsone The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Dapsone is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Magnesium trisilicate Magnesium trisilicate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Nitrofurantoin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Valsartan The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Valsartan is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Ramipril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Ramipril is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Esmolol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Esmolol is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Betaxolol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Betaxolol is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Succinylcholine The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Succinylcholine is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Metoprolol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Metoprolol is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Diltiazem The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Diltiazem is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Trimethadione The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Trimethadione is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Timolol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Timolol is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Amlodipine The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Amlodipine is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Nimodipine The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Nimodipine is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Nisoldipine The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Nisoldipine is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Ardeparin The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Ardeparin is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Trimethoprim The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Trimethoprim is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Sotalol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Sotalol is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Fosinopril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Fosinopril is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Trandolapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Trandolapril is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Lercanidipine The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Lercanidipine is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Benazepril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Benazepril is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Lamotrigine The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Lamotrigine is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Cinnarizine The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Cinnarizine is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Propranolol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Propranolol is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Enalapril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Enalapril is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Ethosuximide The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Ethosuximide is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Labetalol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Labetalol is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Bisoprolol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Bisoprolol is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Magnesium sulfate The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Magnesium sulfate is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Moexipril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Moexipril is combined with Nitrofurantoin.
Lisinopril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Nitrofurantoin is combined with Lisinopril.
Perindopril The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Nitrofurantoin is combined with Perindopril.
Candesartan cilexetil The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Nitrofurantoin is combined with Candesartan cilexetil.
Levomenthol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Nitrofurantoin is combined with Levomenthol.
Loperamide The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Nitrofurantoin is combined with Loperamide.
Alprenolol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Nitrofurantoin is combined with Alprenolol.

Target Protein

Probable pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase ydbK
Oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase nfsA
30S ribosomal protein S10 rpsJ

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Tara Bielski, Kerry Benson, "Novel orally administrable formulation of nitrofurantoin and a method for preparing said formulation." U.S. Patent US20050202079, issued September 15, 2005.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 7085535
    Mannisto PT, Lamminsivu U: Nitrofurantoin is highly bound to plasma protein. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1982 Apr;9(4):327-8. doi: 10.1093/jac/9.4.327.
  • PMID: 7928834
    McOsker CC, Fitzpatrick PM: Nitrofurantoin: mechanism of action and implications for resistance development in common uropathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994 May;33 Suppl A:23-30. doi: 10.1093/jac/33.suppl_a.23.
  • PMID: 29271734
    Novelli A, Rosi E: Pharmacological properties of oral antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. J Chemother. 2017 Dec;29(sup1):10-18. doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2017.1380357.
  • PMID: 11434731
    Gupta K, Hooton TM, Stamm WE: Increasing antimicrobial resistance and the management of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jul 3;135(1):41-50. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00012.
  • PMID: 7376
    Rosenberg HA, Bates TR: The influence of food on nitrofurantoin bioavailability. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976 Aug;20(2):227-32. doi: 10.1002/cpt1976202227.
  • PMID: 6626697
    Niazi S, Vishnupad KS, Veng-Pedersen P: Absorption and disposition characteristics of nitrofurantoin in dogs. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1983 Jul-Sep;4(3):213-23.
  • PMID: 7226713
    Hoener B, Patterson SE: Nitrofurantoin disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981 Jun;29(6):808-16. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1981.115.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 478 • International brands: 5
Produk
  • Auro-nitrofurantoin Bid
    Capsule • 100 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Furadantin
    Suspension • 25 mg/5mL • Oral • US • Approved
  • Furadantin
    Suspension • 25 mg/5mL • Oral • US • Approved
  • Furadantin
    Suspension • 50 mg/5mL • Oral • US • Approved
  • Jamp Nitrofurantoin
    Capsule • 50 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Jamp Nitrofurantoin
    Capsule • 100 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Jamp Nitrofurantoin Bid
    Capsule • 100 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Macrobid
    Capsule • - • Oral • US • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 478 produk.
International Brands
  • Furabid — Goldshield
  • Niftran
  • Siraliden
  • Urantoin — Basel
  • Urolong — Thiemann

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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