Peringatan Keamanan

Clinical consequences from overdose depend on the extent of electrolyte and fluid loss and include dehydration, blood volume reduction, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia, hypochloremic alkalosis,L7958 hemoconcentration, cardiac arrhythmias (including A-V block and ventricular fibrillation).L9659 Symptoms of overdose include acute renal failure, thrombosis, delirious states, flaccid paralysis, apathy and confusion. In cirrhotic patients, overdosage might precipitate hepatic coma.L9659

In rats, the oral LD50, intraperitoneal LD50, and subcutaneous LD50 is 2600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 4600 mg/kg, respectively. The Lowest published toxic dose (TDLo) in a female is 6250 ?g/kg.L7964

Furosemide

DB00695

small molecule approved vet_approved

Deskripsi

Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic that acts on the kidneys to ultimately increase water loss from the body. It is an anthranilic acid derivative.L7958 Furosemide is used for edema secondary to various clinical conditions, such as congestive heart failure exacerbation, liver failure, renal failure, and high blood pressure.L7961 It mainly works by inhibiting electrolyte reabsorption from the kidneys and enhancing the excretion of water from the body. Furosemide has a fast onset and short duration of action and has been used safely and effectively in both pediatric and adult patients.A182495 The use of furosemide is particularly beneficial in clinical settings that require a drug with a higher diuretic potential. In addition to oral formulations, the solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration is also available, which is typically limited to patients who are unable to take oral medication or for patients in emergency clinical situations.L7958

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 330.744
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half-life from the dose of 40 mg furosemide was 4 hours following oral administration and 4.5 hours following intravenous administration. The terminal half-life of furosemide is approximately 2 hours following parenteral administration.[L7958] The terminal half-life may be increased up to 24 hours in patients with severe renal failure.[L9659]
Volume Distribusi The volume of distribution following intravenous administration of 40 mg furosemide were 0.181 L/kg in healthy subjects and 0.140 L/kg in patients with heart failure.[A188838]
Klirens (Clearance) Following intravenous administration of 400 mg furosemide, the plasma clearance was 1.23 mL/kg/min in patients with heart failure and 2.34 mL/kg/min in healthy subjects, respectively.[A188838]

Absorpsi

Following oral administration, furosemide is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.L9659 It displays variable bioavailability from oral dosage forms, ranging from 10 to 90%.A31831 The oral bioavailability of furosemide from oral tablets or oral solution is about 64% and 60%, respectively, of that from an intravenous injection of the drug.L7958

Metabolisme

The metabolism of furosemide occurs mainly in the kidneys and the liver, to a smaller extent. The kidneys are responsible for about 85% of total furosemide total clearance, where about 40% involves biotransformation.A183563 Two major metabolites of furosemide are furosemide glucuronide, which is pharmacologically active, and saluamine (CSA) or 4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid.A183281

Rute Eliminasi

The kidneys are responsible for 85% of total furosemide total clearance, where about 43% of the drug undergoes renal excretion.A183563 Significantly more furosemide is excreted in urine following the I.V. injection than after the tablet or oral solution. Approximately 50% of the furosemide load is excreted unchanged in urine, and the rest is metabolized into glucuronide in the kidney.A31831

Interaksi Makanan

3 Data
  • 1. Avoid excessive or chronic alcohol consumption. Alcohol increases the risk of orthostatic hypotension.
  • 2. Avoid natural licorice. Avoid licorice in large amounts, as it may lead to hypokalemia.
  • 3. Increase consumption of potassium-rich foods. This medication may cause potassium depletion. Foods containing potassium include bananas and orange juice.

Interaksi Obat

1541 Data
Duloxetine The risk or severity of orthostatic hypotension and syncope can be increased when Furosemide is combined with Duloxetine.
Levodopa The risk or severity of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension can be increased when Furosemide is combined with Levodopa.
Alfuzosin Alfuzosin may increase the hypotensive activities of Furosemide.
Amifostine Furosemide may increase the hypotensive activities of Amifostine.
Diazoxide Diazoxide may increase the hypotensive activities of Furosemide.
Methylphenidate Methylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Dexmethylphenidate Dexmethylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Obinutuzumab Furosemide may increase the hypotensive activities of Obinutuzumab.
Pentoxifylline Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Furosemide.
Rituximab Furosemide may increase the hypotensive activities of Rituximab.
Thioridazine Thioridazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Isoflurane Isoflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Halothane Halothane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Desflurane Desflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Sevoflurane Sevoflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Rotigotine Rotigotine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Bethanidine Bethanidine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Guanabenz Guanabenz may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Tolazoline Tolazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Indoramin Indoramin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Moxonidine Moxonidine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Rilmenidine Rilmenidine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Naftopidil Naftopidil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Urapidil Urapidil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Phentermine Phentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Midodrine Midodrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Eletriptan Eletriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Methysergide Methysergide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Cabergoline Cabergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Zolmitriptan Zolmitriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Protriptyline Protriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Methylergometrine Methylergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Mirtazapine Mirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Phenylephrine Phenylephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Promazine Promazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Droperidol Droperidol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Nortriptyline Nortriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Amoxapine Amoxapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Doxapram Doxapram may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Atropine Atropine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Lisuride Lisuride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Metaraminol Metaraminol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Trazodone Trazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Ergotamine Ergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Nicergoline Nicergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Methoxamine Methoxamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Trimipramine Trimipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Propiomazine Propiomazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Phenmetrazine Phenmetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Trifluoperazine Trifluoperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Benzphetamine Benzphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Flupentixol Flupentixol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Diethylpropion Diethylpropion may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Naratriptan Naratriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Frovatriptan Frovatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Ergoloid mesylate Ergoloid mesylate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Dutasteride Dutasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Propafenone Propafenone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Pergolide Pergolide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Finasteride Finasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Ergometrine Ergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Mephentermine Mephentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Yohimbine Yohimbine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
MMDA MMDA may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Midomafetamine Midomafetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
4-Methoxyamphetamine 4-Methoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Tenamfetamine Tenamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Chlorphentermine Chlorphentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Phendimetrazine Phendimetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Solifenacin Solifenacin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Periciazine Periciazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Acepromazine Acepromazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Thioproperazine Thioproperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Zuclopenthixol Zuclopenthixol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Epicaptopril Epicaptopril may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic acid diethylamide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Amineptine Amineptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Dronedarone Dronedarone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Flibanserin Flibanserin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Iloperidone Iloperidone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Amibegron Amibegron may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Naluzotan Naluzotan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Cariprazine Cariprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Mianserin Mianserin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Nylidrin Nylidrin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Pizotifen Pizotifen may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Solabegron Solabegron may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Asenapine Asenapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.
Esmirtazapine Esmirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Furosemide.

Target Protein

Solute carrier family 12 member 1 SLC12A1
Carbonic anhydrase 2 CA2
G-protein coupled receptor 35 GPR35

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Angelo Signor, Alfredo Guerrato, Giovanni Signor, "Process for the preparation of furosemide." U.S. Patent US5739361, issued June, 1971.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 11441327
    Prandota J: Clinical pharmacology of furosemide in children: a supplement. Am J Ther. 2001 Jul-Aug;8(4):275-89.
  • PMID: 2185908
    Ponto LL, Schoenwald RD: Furosemide (frusemide). A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic review (Part I). Clin Pharmacokinet. 1990 May;18(5):381-408. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199018050-00004.
  • PMID: 12115021
    Prandota J: Furosemide: progress in understanding its diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and bronchodilating mechanism of action, and use in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases. Am J Ther. 2002 Jul-Aug;9(4):317-28.
  • PMID: 26240596
    Oh SW, Han SY: Loop Diuretics in Clinical Practice. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2015 Jun;13(1):17-21. doi: 10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.17. Epub 2015 Jun 30.
  • PMID: 8785407
    Pichette V, du Souich P: Role of the kidneys in the metabolism of furosemide: its inhibition by probenecid. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996 Feb;7(2):345-9.
  • PMID: 902673
    Andreasen F, Mikkelsen E: Distribution, elimination and effect of furosemide in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1977 Aug 17;12(1):15-22. doi: 10.1007/bf00561400.
  • PMID: 43224
    Perez J, Sitar DS, Ogilvie RI: Biotransformation of furosemide in patients with acute pulmonary edema. Drug Metab Dispos. 1979 Nov-Dec;7(6):383-7.
Textbook
  • ISBN: 978-0-7020-3471-8
    28. (2012). In Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (7th ed., pp. 352-354). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 568 • International brands: 9
Produk
  • 14-Panel Toxicology Medicated Collection System
    Kit; Liquid; Tablet • - • Oral; Topical • US • Generic • Approved
  • Active-Medicated specimen collection kit
    Kit • - • Oral; Topical • US • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-furosemide
    Tablet • 40 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-furosemide
    Tablet • 20 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Apo-furosemide
    Tablet • 80 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Ava-furosemide
    Tablet • 20 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Ava-furosemide
    Tablet • 40 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Ava-furosemide
    Tablet • 80 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 568 produk.
International Brands
  • Diurapid — Mibe Jena
  • Diurin — Mylan
  • Diurmessel — Biomep
  • Eutensin — Sanofi
  • Frumex
  • Frusenex
  • Frusol — Rosemont
  • Furo-Puren — Actavis
  • Seguril — Sanofi

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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