Peringatan Keamanan

Toxicity information specific to cefixime is not conclusive. Symptoms of overdose can include severe vomiting and seizures.L49419 As cefixime is a cephalosporin, it may trigger seizures, particularly in patients with renal impairment when the dosage was not reduced.L49293 Additionally, patients experiencing an overdose are at an increased risk of severe adverse effects such as diarrhea, nausea, loose stools, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and vomiting.L49293 In case of overdose, no specific antidote exists and this drug is not removed in significant quantities from the circulation by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis; however, gastric lavage may be indicated.L49293 Symptomatic and supportive measures are recommended.

Animal studies revealed an oral LD50 greater than 10g/kg in rats.L49545

Cefixime

DB00671

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Bacteria possess a cell wall comprising a glycopeptide polymer commonly known as peptidoglycan, which is synthesized and remodelled through the action of a family of enzymes known as "penicillin-binding proteins" (PBPs).A232920 ?-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins, are PBP inhibitors that, through inhibition of essential PBPs, result in impaired cell wall homeostasis, loss of cell integrity, and ultimately bacterial cell death.A232920, A232925, A232930 Cefixime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and an orally-active third-generation semisynthetic cephalosporin.A262894,A263011 ,L49293 Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics and can be used to treat gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections which include conditions such as skin infections, resistant bacteria, and meningitis.A262995 Examples of third-generation cephalosporins are ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime.A262995

Third-generation cephalosporins are often a first-line therapy against certain bacterial infections.A263026 However, cefixime is not recommended as a first-line of treatment for uncomplicated urogenital, anorectal, or pharyngeal gonorrhea because cefixime does not provide the same bactericidal effect as ceftriaxone.L49686,A263021 Generally, cefixime is used to treat uurinary tract infections, middle ear infections, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and uncomplicated gonorrhea.L49293 The beta-lactam ring of cefixime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the penicillin-binding proteins which will then result in lysis.A262995,A262945,A262950 Specifically, cephalosporins inhibit penicillin-sensitive enzymes responsible for the final 3D structure of the bacterial cell wall which in turn inhibit bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis.T894, T322 Additionally, third-generation cephalosporins have been shown to have more stability in the presence of beta-lactamases compared to first- and second-generation cephalosporins.A263031 Cefixime was first approved in the United States in 1986.L49293

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 453.45
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Cefixime has a serum half-life averaging 3 to 4 hours in healthy subjects and is independent of dosage form.[A262934,L49293] It has ranged up to 9 hours in some normal volunteers.[L49293] In individuals with severe renal impairment (5 to 20 mL/min creatinine clearance), the half-life of cefixime increased to an average of 11.5 hours.[L49293]
Volume Distribusi Cefixime has a volume of distribution averaging 0.1 L/kg of body weight when administered orally.[A262939]
Klirens (Clearance) Cefixime administered as an oral suspension with a dose of 8 mg/kg in children with urinary tract infections aged from 6 to 13 years resulted in a mean apparent total clearance rate of 4.74 ml/min/kg.[A262980]

Absorpsi

With oral administration of cefixime, about 40%-50% is absorbed whether administered with or without food.L49293 However, time to maximal absorption is increased approximately 0.8 hours when administered with food.L49293 Cefixime administered as an single oral 200 mg tablet in healthy male volunteers had a corresponding Cmax of 3.25 mg/L and a corresponding Tmax of 4 hours.A263000 Administration of cefixime as a 200 mg oral solution in healthy volunteers results in a Cmax of 3.22 micrograms/mL, while administration of 200 mg and 400 mg cefixime capsules results in a Cmax of 2.92 micrograms/mL and 4.84 micrograms/mL, respectively.A263005 Administration of cefixime as a 200 mg intravenous solution, a 200 mg oral solution, a 200 mg capsule, and 400 mg capsule results in mean areas under the curve (AUC) of 47.0 ?g.h/mL, 26.0 ?g.h/mL, 23.6 ?g.h/mL, and 39.4 ?g.h/mL, respectively.A263005

Metabolisme

There is no evidence of metabolism of cefixime in vivo.L49293

Rute Eliminasi

Approximately 50% of absorbed cefixime is excreted unchanged in the urine in 24 hours.L49293

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with or without food. The capsule and tablet may be administered without regard to food. However, the time to maximal absorption is increased approximately 0.8 hours when administered with food while taking with food reduces the absorption following administration of the capsule by approximately 15% based on AUC and 25% based on Cmax.

Interaksi Obat

128 Data
Probenecid The serum concentration of Cefixime can be increased when it is combined with Probenecid.
Picosulfuric acid The therapeutic efficacy of Picosulfuric acid can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
BCG vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of BCG vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Typhoid vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of Typhoid vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Dicoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Dicoumarol.
Phenindione The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Phenindione.
Warfarin The therapeutic efficacy of Warfarin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Phenprocoumon The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Phenprocoumon.
Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Acenocoumarol.
4-hydroxycoumarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with 4-hydroxycoumarin.
Coumarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Coumarin.
(R)-warfarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with (R)-warfarin.
Ethyl biscoumacetate The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Ethyl biscoumacetate.
Fluindione The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Fluindione.
Clorindione The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Clorindione.
Diphenadione The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Diphenadione.
Tioclomarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Tioclomarol.
(S)-Warfarin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Cefixime is combined with (S)-Warfarin.
Lepirudin The therapeutic efficacy of Lepirudin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Bivalirudin The therapeutic efficacy of Bivalirudin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Alteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Alteplase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Urokinase The therapeutic efficacy of Urokinase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Reteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Reteplase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Anistreplase The therapeutic efficacy of Anistreplase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Tenecteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Tenecteplase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Abciximab The therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Drotrecogin alfa The therapeutic efficacy of Drotrecogin alfa can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Streptokinase The therapeutic efficacy of Streptokinase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Argatroban The therapeutic efficacy of Argatroban can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Ardeparin The therapeutic efficacy of Ardeparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Fondaparinux The therapeutic efficacy of Fondaparinux can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Pentosan polysulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Pentosan polysulfate can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Dipyridamole The therapeutic efficacy of Dipyridamole can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Heparin The therapeutic efficacy of Heparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Enoxaparin The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Epoprostenol The therapeutic efficacy of Epoprostenol can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Ximelagatran The therapeutic efficacy of Ximelagatran can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Desmoteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Desmoteplase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Defibrotide The therapeutic efficacy of Defibrotide can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Ancrod The therapeutic efficacy of Ancrod can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Beraprost The therapeutic efficacy of Beraprost can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Prasugrel The therapeutic efficacy of Prasugrel can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Rivaroxaban The therapeutic efficacy of Rivaroxaban can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Sulodexide The therapeutic efficacy of Sulodexide can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Semuloparin The therapeutic efficacy of Semuloparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Idraparinux The therapeutic efficacy of Idraparinux can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Cangrelor The therapeutic efficacy of Cangrelor can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Astaxanthin The therapeutic efficacy of Astaxanthin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Apixaban The therapeutic efficacy of Apixaban can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Otamixaban The therapeutic efficacy of Otamixaban can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Amediplase The therapeutic efficacy of Amediplase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Dabigatran etexilate The therapeutic efficacy of Dabigatran etexilate can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Danaparoid The therapeutic efficacy of Danaparoid can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Dalteparin The therapeutic efficacy of Dalteparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Tinzaparin The therapeutic efficacy of Tinzaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Nadroparin The therapeutic efficacy of Nadroparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Triflusal The therapeutic efficacy of Triflusal can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Ticagrelor The therapeutic efficacy of Ticagrelor can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Ditazole The therapeutic efficacy of Ditazole can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Vorapaxar The therapeutic efficacy of Vorapaxar can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Edoxaban The therapeutic efficacy of Edoxaban can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Sodium citrate The therapeutic efficacy of Sodium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Dextran The therapeutic efficacy of Dextran can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Bemiparin The therapeutic efficacy of Bemiparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Parnaparin The therapeutic efficacy of Parnaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Desirudin The therapeutic efficacy of Desirudin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Antithrombin Alfa The therapeutic efficacy of Antithrombin Alfa can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Protein C The therapeutic efficacy of Protein C can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Antithrombin III human The therapeutic efficacy of Antithrombin III human can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Letaxaban The therapeutic efficacy of Letaxaban can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Darexaban The therapeutic efficacy of Darexaban can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Betrixaban The therapeutic efficacy of Betrixaban can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Nafamostat The therapeutic efficacy of Nafamostat can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Monteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Monteplase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Gabexate The therapeutic efficacy of Gabexate can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Protein S human The therapeutic efficacy of Protein S human can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Brinase The therapeutic efficacy of Brinase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Melagatran The therapeutic efficacy of Melagatran can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Saruplase The therapeutic efficacy of Saruplase can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Tocopherylquinone The therapeutic efficacy of Tocopherylquinone can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Dabigatran The therapeutic efficacy of Dabigatran can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Troxerutin The therapeutic efficacy of Troxerutin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Edetic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Edetic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Reviparin The therapeutic efficacy of Reviparin can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Dermatan sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Dermatan sulfate can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
SR-123781A The therapeutic efficacy of SR-123781A can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Disulfiram The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Disulfiram.
Lactulose The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Furosemide Furosemide may decrease the excretion rate of Cefixime which could result in a higher serum level.
Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen The therapeutic efficacy of Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Estetrol The therapeutic efficacy of Estetrol can be decreased when used in combination with Cefixime.
Lidocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Lidocaine.
Ropivacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Ropivacaine.
Bupivacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Bupivacaine.
Cinchocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Cinchocaine.
Dyclonine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Dyclonine.
Procaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Procaine.
Prilocaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Prilocaine.
Proparacaine The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Proparacaine.
Meloxicam The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Cefixime is combined with Meloxicam.

Target Protein

Penicillin-binding protein dacA
Penicillin-binding protein 2 mrdA

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Pandurang Deshpande, "Process for the preparation of cefixime." U.S. Patent US20040082560, issued April 29, 2004.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 17509176
    McMillan A, Young H: The treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhoea with a single oral dose of cefixime. Int J STD AIDS. 2007 Apr;18(4):253-4.
  • PMID: 8537138
    Adam D, Hostalek U, Troster K: 5-day cefixime therapy for bacterial pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis: comparison with 10-day penicillin V therapy. Cefixime Study Group. Infection. 1995;23 Suppl 2:S83-6.
  • PMID: 2188437
    Leggett NJ, Caravaggio C, Rybak MJ: Cefixime. DICP. 1990 May;24(5):489-95. doi: 10.1177/106002809002400510.
  • PMID: 2530536
    Barre J: Pharmacokinetic properties of cefixime. Presse Med. 1989 Oct 11;18(32):1578-82.
  • PMID: 4053491
    Brittain DC, Scully BE, Hirose T, Neu HC: The pharmacokinetic and bactericidal characteristics of oral cefixime. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1985 Nov;38(5):590-4. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1985.229.
  • PMID: 22211522
    Luo Y, Helmann JD: Analysis of the role of Bacillus subtilis sigma(M) in beta-lactam resistance reveals an essential role for c-di-AMP in peptidoglycan homeostasis. Mol Microbiol. 2012 Feb;83(3):623-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07953.x. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
  • PMID: 31643977
    Authors unspecified: Cephalosporins. .
  • PMID: 31747090
    Fisher JF, Mobashery S: Constructing and deconstructing the bacterial cell wall. Protein Sci. 2020 Mar;29(3):629-646. doi: 10.1002/pro.3737. Epub 2019 Nov 20.
Menampilkan 8 dari 18 artikel.
Textbook
  • ISBN: 978-0-323-39307-2
    Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson and Angelo J. Mariotti (2017). Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry (Seventh Edition) (7th ed.). Elsevier.
  • Kumar P. (2017). Pharmacology and therapeutics for dentistry (7th ed.). Mosby.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 47 • International brands: 20
Produk
  • Auro-cefixime
    Tablet • 400 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Auro-cefixime
    Powder, for suspension • 100 mg / 5 mL • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
  • Cefixime
    Powder, for suspension • 100 mg/5mL • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Cefixime
    Powder, for suspension • 200 mg/5mL • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Cefixime
    Capsule • 400 mg/1 • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Cefixime
    Capsule • 400 mg/1 • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Cefixime
    Powder, for suspension • 500 mg/5mL • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Cefixime
    Powder, for suspension • 100 mg/5mL • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 47 produk.
International Brands
  • Cefixoral — Menarini
  • Cefspan — GlaxoSmithKline
  • Cephoral — Merck
  • Fixam — Solas
  • Fixspor — Invision
  • Hifen — Hetero
  • InfectoOpticef — Infectopharm
  • Kuracef — Sanofi-Aventis
  • Letix — Adley
  • Ofex — Delta

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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