Peringatan Keamanan

Patients experiencing an overdose of adenosine may present with asystole, heart block, or cardiac ischemia; though the effects are generally short lived.A187466 Patients experiencing an overdose should be treated with symptomatic and supportive care, which may include a slow intravenous injection of theophylline.L31983

The LD50 in mice is >20 g/kg subcutaneously, 500mg/kg intraperitoneally, and 39.6 µg/kg subcutaneously.L32048

Adenosine

DB00640

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

The structure of adenosine was first described in 1931,A229823 though the vasodilating effects were not described in literature until the 1940s.A229828 Adenosine is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy,L31983 though it is rarely used in this indication, having largely been replaced by dipyridamole and regadenson.A229833,A229838 Adenosine is also indicated in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia.L31998

Adenosine was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1989.L31978

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 267.2413
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half life of adenosine in blood is less than 10 seconds.[L31983]
Volume Distribusi Data regarding the volume of distribution of adenosine are not readily available.[A229813]
Klirens (Clearance) Data regarding the clearance of adenosine are not readily available.[A229813]

Absorpsi

Data regarding the absorption of adenosine are not readily available.A229813

Metabolisme

Adenosine can be phosphorylated by adenosine kinase to form adenosine monophosphate.A229788,L31983 From there, it is phosphorylated again by adenylate kinase 1 to form adenosine diphosphate, and again by nucleoside diphosphate kinase A or B to form adenosine triphosphate.A229788,L31983 Alternatively, adenosine can be deaminated by adenosine deaminase to form inosine.A229788,L31983 Iosine is phosphorylated by purine nucleoside phosphorylase to form hypoxanthine.A229788,L31983 Hypoxanthine undergoes oxidation by xanthine dehydrogenase twice to form the metabolites xanthine, followed by uric acid.A229793,L31983

Rute Eliminasi

Adenosine is predominantly eliminated in the urine as uric acid.A229793,L31983

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Avoid caffeine. Caffeine may antagonise the activity of adenosine.

Interaksi Obat

685 Data
Ivabradine Ivabradine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Adenosine.
Nicotine Nicotine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) and tachycardic activities of Adenosine.
Caffeine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Caffeine.
Theophylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Theophylline.
Dyphylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Dyphylline.
Pentoxifylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Pentoxifylline.
Mercaptopurine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Mercaptopurine.
Aminophylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Aminophylline.
Oxtriphylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Oxtriphylline.
Theobromine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Theobromine.
Fenethylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Fenethylline.
8-azaguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with 8-azaguanine.
7,9-Dimethylguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with 7,9-Dimethylguanine.
Xanthine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Xanthine.
7-Deazaguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with 7-Deazaguanine.
Guanine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Guanine.
9-Methylguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with 9-Methylguanine.
Peldesine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Peldesine.
Hypoxanthine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Hypoxanthine.
9-Deazaguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with 9-Deazaguanine.
Propentofylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Propentofylline.
Valomaciclovir The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Valomaciclovir.
3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine.
Uric acid The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Uric acid.
Doxofylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Doxofylline.
6-O-benzylguanine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with 6-O-benzylguanine.
Lisofylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Lisofylline.
Lobucavir The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Lobucavir.
Cafedrine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Cafedrine.
Theodrenaline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Theodrenaline.
Bamifylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Bamifylline.
Proxyphylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Proxyphylline.
Acefylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Acefylline.
Etamiphylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Etamiphylline.
Pentifylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Pentifylline.
Bufylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Bufylline.
Bromotheophylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Bromotheophylline.
Furafylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Furafylline.
8-chlorotheophylline The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with 8-chlorotheophylline.
PCS-499 The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with PCS-499.
Digoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Digoxin is combined with Adenosine.
Metildigoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metildigoxin is combined with Adenosine.
Acetyldigoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetyldigoxin is combined with Adenosine.
Carbamazepine Carbamazepine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Adenosine.
Dipyridamole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dipyridamole is combined with Adenosine.
Metoprolol Metoprolol may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Adenosine.
Lidocaine Lidocaine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Adenosine.
Atenolol Atenolol may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Adenosine.
Mexiletine Mexiletine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Adenosine.
Nisoldipine Nisoldipine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Adenosine.
Acetyldigitoxin Acetyldigitoxin may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Adenosine.
Lercanidipine Lercanidipine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Adenosine.
Carteolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Carteolol.
Magnesium sulfate Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Magnesium sulfate.
Alprenolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Alprenolol.
Tocainide Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Tocainide.
Deslanoside Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Deslanoside.
Carvedilol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Carvedilol.
Nadolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Nadolol.
Metipranolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Metipranolol.
Practolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Practolol.
Aprindine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Aprindine.
Dexpropranolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dexpropranolol.
Nimesulide Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Nimesulide.
Cyclandelate Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Cyclandelate.
Flunarizine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Flunarizine.
Nebivolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Nebivolol.
Clevidipine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Clevidipine.
Seletracetam Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Seletracetam.
Dotarizine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dotarizine.
Sparteine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Sparteine.
Tranilast Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Tranilast.
Fasudil Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Fasudil.
Agmatine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Agmatine.
Nicorandil Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Nicorandil.
Barnidipine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Barnidipine.
Azelnidipine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Azelnidipine.
Cilnidipine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Cilnidipine.
Darodipine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Darodipine.
Manidipine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Manidipine.
Niludipine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Niludipine.
Tropisetron Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Tropisetron.
Carboxyamidotriazole Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Carboxyamidotriazole.
Naftopidil Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Naftopidil.
Vinpocetine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Vinpocetine.
Landiolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Landiolol.
Spiradoline Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Spiradoline.
Cymarin Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Cymarin.
Tiracizine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Tiracizine.
Ethacizine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Ethacizine.
Hydroquinine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Hydroquinine.
Bioallethrin Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Bioallethrin.
Tertatolol Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Tertatolol.
Caroverine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Caroverine.
Fosfructose Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Fosfructose.
Fish oil Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Fish oil.
Emopamil Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Emopamil.
Lomerizine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Lomerizine.
Tetrandrine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Tetrandrine.
Dexniguldipine Adenosine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dexniguldipine.

Target Protein

Adenosine receptor A1 ADORA1
Adenosine receptor A2a ADORA2A
Adenosine receptor A2b ADORA2B
Adenosine receptor A3 ADORA3

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Giorgio Stramentinoli, Federico Gennari, "Process for preparing adenosine derivatives of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity." U.S. Patent US4373097, issued October, 1965.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 31821783
    Boison D, Yegutkin GG: Adenosine Metabolism: Emerging Concepts for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Cell. 2019 Dec 9;36(6):582-596. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.10.007.
  • PMID: 26316329
    Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, Muscoli C, Mollace V: Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Jun 15;213:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.109. Epub 2015 Aug 14.
  • PMID: -
    Cui F, Wang J, Li F, Fan J, Qu G, Yao X, Lei B: Investigation of the Interaction between Adenosine and Human Serum Albumin by Fluorescent Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling Chinese Journal of Chemistry. 2008 Apr 16;26(4):661-665.
  • PMID: 30085591
    Singh S, McKintosh R: Adenosine .
  • PMID: 10930971
    Uematsu T, Kozawa O, Matsuno H, Niwa M, Yoshikoshi H, Oh-uchi M, Kohno K, Nagashima S, Kanamaru M: Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of intravenous infusion of adenosine (SUNY4001) in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Aug;50(2):177-81. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00214.x.
  • PMID: 8151404
    Iskandrian AS: Adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med. 1994 Apr;35(4):734-6.
  • PMID: 17798867
    Levene PA, Tipson RS: THE RING STRUCTURE OF ADENOSINE. Science. 1931 Nov 20;74(1925):521. doi: 10.1126/science.74.1925.521.
  • PMID: 21064444
    SINGHER HO, MILLMAN N: The adenosine-triphosphatase activity of smooth muscle. Fed Proc. 1946;5(1 Pt 2):202.
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