Peringatan Keamanan

Data regarding acute overdoses of prednisone are rare but prolonged high doses of prednisone can lead to a higher incidence and severity of adverse effects such as mental symptoms, moon face, abnormal fat deposits, fluid retention, excessive appetite, weight gain, hypertrichosis, acne, striae, ecchymosis, increased sweating, pigmentation, dry scaly skin, thinning scalp hair, increased blood pressure, tachycardia, thrombophlebitis, decreased resistance to infection, negative nitrogen balance with delayed bone and wound healing, headache, weakness, menstrual disorders, accentuated menopausal symptoms, neuropathy, fractures, osteoporosis, peptic ulcer, decreased glucose tolerance, hypokalemia, and adrenal insufficiency.^L10502

Prednisone

DB00635

small molecule approved vet_approved

Deskripsi

A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone.^A187463 It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver.^L10502

Prednisone was granted FDA approval on 21 February 1955.^L10496

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 358.4281

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Prednisone and its active metabolite [prednisolone] have half lives of 2-3 hours from both immediate and delayed release preparations.[L10502]

Volume Distribusi Data regarding the volume of distribution for prednisone is not readily available.[L10502] However, a 0.15mg/kg dose of prednisolone has a volume of distribution of 29.3L, while a 0.30mg/kg dose has a volume of distribution of 44.2L.[A187394]

Klirens (Clearance) Data regarding the clearance of prednisone is not readily available.[L10502] A 5.5µg/h/kg infusion of prednisolone has an average clearance of 0.066±0.12L/h/kg, while a 0.15±0.03L/h/kg infusion has an average clearance of 0.15L/h/kg.[A188222]

Absorpsi

Oral prednisone has a T_max of 2 hours, while the delayed-release formulation has a T_max of 6-6.5 hours.^L10502 A 5mg dose of prednisone has an AUC of 572mL/min/1.73m², a 20mg dose of prednisone has an AUC of 1034mL/min/1.73m², and a 50mg dose of prednisone has an AUC of 2271mL/min/1.73m².^A188300 Data regarding the C_max of prednisone is not readily available.^L10502

Metabolisme

Prednisone is metabolized to 17?,21-dihydroxy-pregnan-1,4,6-trien-3,11,30-trione (M-XVII), 20?-dihydro-prednisone (M-V), 6?hydroxy-prednisone (M-XII), 6?-hydroxy-prednisone (M-XIII), or 20?-dihydro-prednisone (M-IV).^A187403 20?-dihydro-prednisone is metabolized to 17?,20?,21-trihydroxy-5?-pregn-1-en-3,11-dione(M-XVIII).^A187403 Prednison is reversibly metabolized to prednisolone.^A187403 Prednisolone is metabolized to ?6-prednisolone (M-XI), 20?-dihydro-prednisolone (M-III), 20?-dihydro-prednisolone (M-II), 6?hydroxy-prednisolone (M-VII), or 6?hydroxy-prednisolone(M-VI).^A187403 6?hydroxy-prednisolone is metabolized to 6?,11?,17?,20?,21-pentahydroxypregnan-1,4-diene-3-one (M-X).^A187403 6?hydroxy-prednisolone is metabolized to 6?,11?,17?,20?,21-pentahydroxypregnan-1,4-diene-3-one (M-VIII), 6?,11?,17?,20?,21-pentahydroxypregnan-1,4-diene-3-one (M-IX), and 6?,11?,17?,21-tetrahydroxy-5?-pregn-1-en-3,20-dione (M-XIV).^A187403 MVIII is metabolized to 6?,11?,17?,20?,21-pentahydroxy-5?-pregn-1-en-3-one (M-XV) and then to MXIV, while MIX is metabolized to 6?,11?,17?,20?,21-pentahydroxy-5?-pregn-1-en-3-one (M-XVI) and then to MXIV.^A187403 These metabolites and their glucuronide conjugates are excreted predominantly in the urine.^A187403

Rute Eliminasi

Prednisone is excreted mainly in the urine as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates.^L10502

Interaksi Makanan

2 Data

1. Avoid alcohol.
2. Take with food. Food reduces irritation.

Interaksi Obat

1582 Data

Denosumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Denosumab is combined with Prednisone.
Peginterferon alfa-2a	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2a is combined with Prednisone.
Interferon alfa-n1	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n1 is combined with Prednisone.
Interferon alfa-n3	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n3 is combined with Prednisone.
Peginterferon alfa-2b	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2b is combined with Prednisone.
Interferon gamma-1b	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon gamma-1b is combined with Prednisone.
Interferon alfa-2a	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2a is combined with Prednisone.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is combined with Prednisone.
Pegaspargase	The serum concentration of Prednisone can be increased when it is combined with Pegaspargase.
Interferon beta-1b	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon beta-1b is combined with Prednisone.
Interferon alfacon-1	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfacon-1 is combined with Prednisone.
Rituximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rituximab is combined with Prednisone.
Basiliximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Basiliximab is combined with Prednisone.
Muromonab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Muromonab is combined with Prednisone.
Ibritumomab tiuxetan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibritumomab tiuxetan is combined with Prednisone.
Tositumomab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tositumomab is combined with Prednisone.
Alemtuzumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Prednisone.
Alefacept	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alefacept is combined with Prednisone.
Efalizumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efalizumab is combined with Prednisone.
Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit)	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is combined with Prednisone.
Interferon alfa-2b	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2b is combined with Prednisone.
Daclizumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Daclizumab is combined with Prednisone.
Phenylalanine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenylalanine is combined with Prednisone.
Bortezomib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bortezomib is combined with Prednisone.
Cladribine	Prednisone may increase the immunosuppressive activities of Cladribine.
Carmustine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carmustine is combined with Prednisone.
Amsacrine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amsacrine is combined with Prednisone.
Bleomycin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bleomycin is combined with Prednisone.
Chlorambucil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorambucil is combined with Prednisone.
Raltitrexed	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Raltitrexed is combined with Prednisone.
Mitomycin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mitomycin is combined with Prednisone.
Bexarotene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bexarotene is combined with Prednisone.
Vindesine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vindesine is combined with Prednisone.
Floxuridine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Floxuridine is combined with Prednisone.
Tioguanine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tioguanine is combined with Prednisone.
Vinorelbine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vinorelbine is combined with Prednisone.
Dexrazoxane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexrazoxane is combined with Prednisone.
Sorafenib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sorafenib is combined with Prednisone.
Streptozocin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Streptozocin is combined with Prednisone.
Trifluridine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trifluridine is combined with Prednisone.
Gemcitabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemcitabine is combined with Prednisone.
Teniposide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Teniposide is combined with Prednisone.
Epirubicin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epirubicin is combined with Prednisone.
Chloramphenicol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Prednisone.
Lenalidomide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lenalidomide is combined with Prednisone.
Altretamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Altretamine is combined with Prednisone.
Zidovudine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Zidovudine is combined with Prednisone.
Oxaliplatin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxaliplatin is combined with Prednisone.
Propylthiouracil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propylthiouracil is combined with Prednisone.
Pentostatin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentostatin is combined with Prednisone.
Vinblastine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vinblastine is combined with Prednisone.
Linezolid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Linezolid is combined with Prednisone.
Imatinib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Imatinib is combined with Prednisone.
Clofarabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clofarabine is combined with Prednisone.
Pemetrexed	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Pemetrexed.
Mycophenolate mofetil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Mycophenolate mofetil.
Daunorubicin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Daunorubicin.
Irinotecan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Irinotecan.
Etoposide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Etoposide.
Dacarbazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Dacarbazine.
Temozolomide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Temozolomide.
Penicillamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Penicillamine.
Azacitidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Azacitidine.
Carboplatin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Carboplatin.
Dactinomycin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Dactinomycin.
Cytarabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Cytarabine.
Azathioprine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Azathioprine.
Hydroxyurea	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Mycophenolic acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Mycophenolic acid.
Mercaptopurine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Mercaptopurine.
Thalidomide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Thalidomide.
Melphalan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Melphalan.
Fludarabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Fludarabine.
Flucytosine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Flucytosine.
Capecitabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Capecitabine.
Procarbazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Procarbazine.
Arsenic trioxide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Arsenic trioxide.
Idarubicin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Idarubicin.
Estramustine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Estramustine.
Mitoxantrone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Mitoxantrone.
Lomustine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Lomustine.
Docetaxel	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Docetaxel.
Eculizumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Eculizumab.
Decitabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Decitabine.
Nelarabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Nelarabine.
Stepronin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Stepronin.
Hydroxychloroquine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Hydroxychloroquine.
Castanospermine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Castanospermine.
Vorinostat	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Vorinostat.
2-Methoxyethanol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with 2-Methoxyethanol.
Brequinar	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Brequinar.
Pirfenidone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Pirfenidone.
Trabectedin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Trabectedin.
Interferon alfa	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Interferon alfa.
Glatiramer	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Glatiramer.
Briakinumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Briakinumab.
Human interferon omega-1	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Human interferon omega-1.
Trastuzumab emtansine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Trastuzumab emtansine.
Panobinostat	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Panobinostat.
Mepolizumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Mepolizumab.

Target Protein

Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Jean Buendia, Michel Vivat, "Process for the production of prednisone 17.21-diacylates." U.S. Patent US4601854, issued May, 1982.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 30285357
Yasir M, Sonthalia S: Corticosteroid Adverse Effects .
PMID: 15634032
Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Haussler U: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(1):61-98. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200544010-00003.
PMID: 2199128
Frey BM, Frey FJ: Clinical pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1990 Aug;19(2):126-46. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199019020-00003.
PMID: 25800201
Matabosch X, Pozo OJ, Perez-Mana C, Papaseit E, Segura J, Ventura R: Detection and characterization of prednisolone metabolites in human urine by LC-MS/MS. J Mass Spectrom. 2015 Mar;50(3):633-42. doi: 10.1002/jms.3571.
PMID: 7310640
Rose JQ, Yurchak AM, Jusko WJ: Dose dependent pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone in man. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1981 Aug;9(4):389-417. doi: 10.1007/bf01060885.
PMID: 378499
Pickup ME: Clinical pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1979 Mar-Apr;4(2):111-28. doi: 10.2165/00003088-197904020-00004.
PMID: 23300763
Gardill BR, Vogl MR, Lin HY, Hammond GL, Muller YA: Corticosteroid-binding globulin: structure-function implications from species differences. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52759. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052759. Epub 2012 Dec 26.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 774 • International brands: 3

Produk

Alti-prednisone Tab 5mg

Tablet • 5 mg / tab • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
Apo Prednisone Tab 1mg USP

Tablet • 1 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
Apo Prednisone Tab 50mg

Tablet • 50 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
Apo Prednisone Tab 5mg

Tablet • 5 mg • Oral • Canada • Generic • Approved
Contrast Allergy PreMed Pack

Kit • - • Oral • US
Deltasone

Tablet • 2.5 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Deltasone

Tablet • 5 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
Deltasone

Tablet • 10 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 774 produk.

International Brands

Delta-Cortef — Upjohn
Meticorten
Orasone

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.