Used appropriately, topically applied ivermectin lotions and creams are unlikely to cause significant toxicity. With accidental or intentional significant exposure to unknown quantities of veterinary formulations of ivermectin (by ingestion, inhalation, injection, or significant body surface area exposure) patients have reported rash, edema, headache, dizziness, asthenia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Other less common effects include seizure, ataxia, dyspnea, abdominal pain, paresthesia, urticaria, and contact dermatitis.L31453 Overdosage with orally administered ivermectin was lethal in mice and rats (at doses several-fold higher than the recommended dose), with death preceded by significant ataxia, bradypnea, tremors, ptosis, decreased activity, emesis, and mydriasis.L31453
If overdosage of ivermectin is suspected, initiate supportive therapy as clinically indicated, including the use of parenteral fluids and electrolytes, respiratory support, and pressor agents to manage hypotension. Induction of emesis and/or gastric lavage may be considered alongside other purgatives and routine anti-poison measures if clinically indicated.L31453
Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic antiparasitic medication derived from avermectins, a class of highly-active broad-spectrum antiparasitic agents isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces avermitilis.L31453 Ivermectin itself is a mixture of two avermectins, comprising roughly 90% 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1a (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a) and 10% 5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro-25-(1-methylethyl)avermectin A1a (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b).L31453
Ivermectin is mainly used in humans in the treatment of onchocerciasis, but may also be effective against other worm infestations (such as strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis and enterobiasis). Applied topically, it may be used in the treatment of head lice infestation.
With the advent of 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic, ivermectin began garnering notoriety due to its off-label use for the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. While studies are still ongoing, much of the evidence for ivermectin in COVID-19 relies on pre-print in vitro data, and the clinical utility of this data remains unclear. Due to a number of factors - for example, the relatively low number of patients per trial and the speed at which these trials were conducted - studies on the use of ivermectin in COVID-19 have been fraught with statistical errors and accusations of plagiarism.L36763,A238929 In addition, the use of aggregate patient data in large-scale meta-analyses (as opposed to individual patient data (IPD)) has been shown to disguise otherwise blatant data errors, such as extreme terminal digit bias and the duplication of blocks of patient records.A238929
Until high-quality, peer-reviewed data regarding both the safety and efficacy of ivermectin for COVID-19 in humans becomes available, the use of ivermectin for these purposes should be avoided in favour of thoroughly-vetted therapies (e.g. COVID-19 vaccines like Comirnaty(https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB15696)).
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Eluxadoline | The serum concentration of Eluxadoline can be increased when it is combined with Ivermectin. |
| Azithromycin | The serum concentration of Ivermectin can be increased when it is combined with Azithromycin. |
| Dicoumarol | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dicoumarol. |
| Phenindione | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenindione. |
| Warfarin | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Warfarin. |
| Phenprocoumon | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenprocoumon. |
| Acenocoumarol | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol. |
| 4-hydroxycoumarin | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of 4-hydroxycoumarin. |
| Coumarin | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Coumarin. |
| (R)-warfarin | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of (R)-warfarin. |
| Ethyl biscoumacetate | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ethyl biscoumacetate. |
| Fluindione | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Fluindione. |
| Clorindione | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Clorindione. |
| Diphenadione | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Diphenadione. |
| Tioclomarol | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tioclomarol. |
| (S)-Warfarin | Ivermectin may increase the anticoagulant activities of (S)-Warfarin. |
| Pitolisant | The serum concentration of Ivermectin can be decreased when it is combined with Pitolisant. |
| Sulfasalazine | Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Novobiocin | Novobiocin may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Hesperetin | Hesperetin may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Rabeprazole | Rabeprazole may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Topiroxostat | Topiroxostat may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Daidzin | Daidzin may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Fusidic acid | The metabolism of Ivermectin can be decreased when combined with Fusidic acid. |
| Naringenin | Naringenin may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Eltrombopag | Eltrombopag may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Simeprevir | The metabolism of Ivermectin can be decreased when combined with Simeprevir. |
| Safinamide | Safinamide may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Teriflunomide | Teriflunomide may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Cannabidiol | Cannabidiol may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Fostamatinib | Fostamatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Gilteritinib | Gilteritinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Nabiximols | Nabiximols may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Fedratinib | The serum concentration of Ivermectin can be increased when it is combined with Fedratinib. |
| Istradefylline | Istradefylline may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Caffeine | Caffeine may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Afatinib | Afatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Pravastatin | Pravastatin may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Pantoprazole | Pantoprazole may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Diethylstilbestrol | Diethylstilbestrol may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Gefitinib | Gefitinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Beclomethasone dipropionate | Beclomethasone dipropionate may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Progesterone | Progesterone may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Lansoprazole | Lansoprazole may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Estradiol | Estradiol may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Buprenorphine | Buprenorphine may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Telmisartan | Telmisartan may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Genistein | Genistein may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Quercetin | Quercetin may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Taurocholic acid | Taurocholic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Elacridar | Elacridar may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Dovitinib | Dovitinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Vismodegib | Vismodegib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Daclatasvir | Daclatasvir may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Dasabuvir | Dasabuvir may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Rolapitant | Rolapitant may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Paritaprevir | Paritaprevir may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Velpatasvir | Velpatasvir may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Glasdegib | Glasdegib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Voxilaprevir | Voxilaprevir may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Letermovir | The excretion of Letermovir can be decreased when combined with Ivermectin. |
| Rucaparib | Rucaparib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Pibrentasvir | Pibrentasvir may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Glecaprevir | Glecaprevir may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Estradiol acetate | Estradiol acetate may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Estradiol benzoate | Estradiol benzoate may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Estradiol cypionate | Estradiol cypionate may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Estradiol dienanthate | Estradiol dienanthate may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Estradiol valerate | Estradiol valerate may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Rilpivirine | Rilpivirine may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Ripretinib | Ripretinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Fostemsavir | Fostemsavir may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Pralsetinib | Pralsetinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Imatinib | Imatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Isavuconazole | The metabolism of Ivermectin can be decreased when combined with Isavuconazole. |
| Clofazimine | Clofazimine may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Cyclosporine | The metabolism of Ivermectin can be decreased when combined with Cyclosporine. |
| Erlotinib | Erlotinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Dasatinib | Dasatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Sunitinib | Sunitinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Vandetanib | Vandetanib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Vemurafenib | Vemurafenib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Regorafenib | Regorafenib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Ponatinib | Ponatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Dabrafenib | The serum concentration of Ivermectin can be decreased when it is combined with Dabrafenib. |
| Palbociclib | Palbociclib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Alectinib | Alectinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Venetoclax | The metabolism of Ivermectin can be decreased when combined with Venetoclax. |
| Dacomitinib | Dacomitinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Abemaciclib | Abemaciclib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Brigatinib | Brigatinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Enasidenib | Enasidenib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Dexamethasone acetate | Dexamethasone acetate may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Avanafil | The serum concentration of Avanafil can be increased when it is combined with Ivermectin. |
| Tepotinib | Tepotinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Tivozanib | Tivozanib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Osimertinib | Osimertinib may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Belumosudil | Belumosudil may decrease the excretion rate of Ivermectin which could result in a higher serum level. |
| Valsartan | The excretion of Valsartan can be decreased when combined with Ivermectin. |
| Torasemide | The excretion of Torasemide can be decreased when combined with Ivermectin. |