Peringatan Keamanan

LD50 > 8g/kg (mouse, oral). Adverse effects include hypertension, fever, tachycardia and seizures.

Levocarnitine

DB00583

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 161.1989
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 17.4 hours (elimination) following a single intravenous dose.
Volume Distribusi The steady state volume of distribution (Vss) of an intravenously administered dose, above endogenous baseline levels, was calculated to be 29.0 +/- 7.1L. However this value is predicted to be an underestimate of the true Vss.
Klirens (Clearance) Total body clearance was found to be a mean of 4L/h.

Absorpsi

Absolute bioavailability is 15% (tablets or solution). Time to maximum plasma concentration was found to be 3.3 hours.

Metabolisme

After oral administration L-carnitine which is unabsorbed is metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial microflora. Major metabolites include trimethylamine N-oxide and 3H-gamma-butyrobetaine.

Rute Eliminasi

Following a single intravenous dose, 73.1 +/- 16% of the dose was excreted in the urine during the 0-24 hour interval. Post administration of oral carnitine supplements, in addition to a high carnitine diet, 58-65% of the administered radioactive dose was recovered from urine and feces in 5-11 days.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with food. Taking levocarnitine oral solution with meals may reduce gastrointestinal upset such as nausea, vomiting, and cramping.

Interaksi Obat

880 Data
Aspartame The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Aspartame.
Pravastatin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Pravastatin.
Valproic acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Valproic acid.
Aminohippuric acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Aminohippuric acid.
Lansoprazole The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Lansoprazole.
Zidovudine The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Zidovudine.
Guanidine The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Guanidine.
Enalapril The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Enalapril.
Oxytetracycline The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Oxytetracycline.
Leucovorin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Leucovorin.
Esomeprazole The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Esomeprazole.
Dinoprostone The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Dinoprostone.
Famotidine The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Famotidine.
Minocycline The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Minocycline.
Mercaptopurine The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Mercaptopurine.
Novobiocin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Novobiocin.
Benzylpenicillin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Benzylpenicillin.
Melatonin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Melatonin.
Ouabain The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Ouabain.
Rosuvastatin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Rosuvastatin.
Liotrix The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Liotrix.
Cilastatin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cilastatin.
Tazobactam The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Tazobactam.
trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid.
Cholic Acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cholic Acid.
Glutaric Acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Glutaric Acid.
Benzoic acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Benzoic acid.
Taurocholic acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Taurocholic acid.
Caprylic acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Caprylic acid.
Ataluren The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Ataluren.
Teriflunomide The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Teriflunomide.
Dabrafenib The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Dabrafenib.
Dolutegravir The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Dolutegravir.
Lenvatinib The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Lenvatinib.
Cabotegravir The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cabotegravir.
Letermovir The excretion of Letermovir can be decreased when combined with Levocarnitine.
Pradigastat The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Pradigastat.
Enasidenib The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Enasidenib.
Cefotiam The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefotiam.
Indomethacin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Indomethacin.
Cefalotin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefalotin.
Tenoxicam The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Tenoxicam.
Cefotaxime The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefotaxime.
Piroxicam The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Piroxicam.
Methotrexate The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Methotrexate.
Cephalexin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cephalexin.
Diclofenac The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Diclofenac.
Acyclovir The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Acyclovir.
Phenylbutazone The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Phenylbutazone.
Cefaclor The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefaclor.
Salicylic acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Salicylic acid.
Ketoprofen The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Ketoprofen.
Ibuprofen The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Ibuprofen.
Cefadroxil The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefadroxil.
Ceftriaxone The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Ceftriaxone.
Cefamandole The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefamandole.
Cefazolin The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefazolin.
Cefoperazone The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefoperazone.
Ceftizoxime The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Ceftizoxime.
Cefacetrile The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefacetrile.
Ceftibuten The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Ceftibuten.
Cefaloridine The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cefaloridine.
Pantoprazole The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Pantoprazole.
Liothyronine The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Conjugated estrogens The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Conjugated estrogens.
Cimetidine The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Cimetidine.
Tetracycline The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Tetracycline.
Ganciclovir The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Ganciclovir.
Probenecid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Probenecid.
Gemfibrozil The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Gemfibrozil.
Topiroxostat The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Topiroxostat.
Baricitinib Levocarnitine may decrease the excretion rate of Baricitinib which could result in a higher serum level.
Apalutamide The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Apalutamide.
Dronedarone The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Dronedarone.
Favipiravir The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Tafamidis The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Tafamidis.
Acetylsalicylic acid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid.
Linezolid The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Linezolid.
Lepirudin The therapeutic efficacy of Lepirudin can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Bivalirudin The therapeutic efficacy of Bivalirudin can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Alteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Alteplase can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Urokinase The therapeutic efficacy of Urokinase can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Reteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Reteplase can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Anistreplase The therapeutic efficacy of Anistreplase can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Tenecteplase The therapeutic efficacy of Tenecteplase can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Abciximab The therapeutic efficacy of Abciximab can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Drotrecogin alfa The therapeutic efficacy of Drotrecogin alfa can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Streptokinase The therapeutic efficacy of Streptokinase can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Dicoumarol The therapeutic efficacy of Dicoumarol can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Argatroban The therapeutic efficacy of Argatroban can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Ardeparin The therapeutic efficacy of Ardeparin can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Phenindione The therapeutic efficacy of Phenindione can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Fondaparinux The therapeutic efficacy of Fondaparinux can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Warfarin The therapeutic efficacy of Warfarin can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Pentosan polysulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Pentosan polysulfate can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Phenprocoumon The therapeutic efficacy of Phenprocoumon can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Dipyridamole The therapeutic efficacy of Dipyridamole can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Heparin The therapeutic efficacy of Heparin can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Enoxaparin The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.
Epoprostenol The therapeutic efficacy of Epoprostenol can be increased when used in combination with Levocarnitine.

Target Protein

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform CPT1B
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase XDH
Liver carboxylesterase 1 CES1
Myeloperoxidase MPO
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform CPT1A
Solute carrier family 22 member 4 SLC22A4
Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 SLC22A5
Carnitine O-acetyltransferase CRAT
Mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter SLC25A29
Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein SLC25A20
Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase CROT
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial CPT2

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Noguchi, J. and Sakota, N.; US. Patent 3,135,788; June 2,1964; assigned to Nihon Zoki Seiyaku Kabushikikaisha (Japan).
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 15991803
    Olpin SE: Fatty acid oxidation defects as a cause of neuromyopathic disease in infants and adults. Clin Lab. 2005;51(5-6):289-306.
  • PMID: 15363636
    Steiber A, Kerner J, Hoppel CL: Carnitine: a nutritional, biosynthetic, and functional perspective. Mol Aspects Med. 2004 Oct-Dec;25(5-6):455-73.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 33 • International brands: 9
Produk
  • BEAUTIFUL CONTRACT - Slimming contract -Hui Ju Sheng Enterprise Corporation Ltd.
    Capsule, gelatin coated • - • Oral • US • OTC
  • Carnitor
    Solution • 1 g/10mL • Oral • US • Approved
  • Carnitor
    Injection, solution • 1 g/5mL • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • Carnitor
    Tablet • 330 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Carnitor
    Solution • 200 mg / mL • Intravenous • Canada • Approved
  • Carnitor
    Tablet • 330 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Carnitor
    Solution • 100 mg / mL • Oral • Canada • Approved
  • Carnitor SF
    Solution • 1 g/10mL • Oral • US • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 33 produk.
International Brands
  • Albicar — Casasco
  • Aveptol — Leovan Pharmaceuticals
  • Biocarn — Medice
  • Bitobionil — S.J.A.
  • Cardimax — Integrated
  • Cardispan — Grossman
  • Carniben — Bennett Pharmaceuticals
  • Carnicor — Sigma Tau
  • Lecarna — Bennett Pharmaceuticals

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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