Peringatan Keamanan

It has been documented that the oral LD50 of lactulose is 48.8 mL/kg in mice and more than 30 mL/ kg in rats.FDA Label,L6199,L6202

It is expected that overdosage with lactulose would result in abdominal cramps and diarrhea, both of which should be treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement as required.FDA Label,L6199,L6202

Considering the use of lactulose during pregnancy in humans has not been formally investigated, the agent should only be used during pregnancy only when clearly needed.FDA Label,L6199,L6202 Similarly, it is unknown whether lactulose is distributed into human breastmilk.FDA Label,L6199,L6202 Use of the medication in nursing women should subsequently be undertaken with caution.FDA Label,L6199,L6202

Reproduction studies in rats, mice, and rabbits have not revealed any evidence of impaired fertility as a result of administering lactulose.FDA Label,L6199,L6202

Data regarding the safety and efficacy of using lactulose in children for the treatment of chronic constipation or portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) is either very limited or yet to be established.FDA Label,L6199,L6202

Information regarding the long-term mutagenic potential of lactulose solution in animals or humans and about the long-term carcinogenic potential in humans are not available.FDA Label,L6199,L6202

Lactulose

DB00581

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide derivative of lactose that is most commonly used as a laxative agent despite also being formally indicated to serve as an adjunct therapy in treating portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE).FDA Label,L6199,L6202 Despite being first synthesized in 1929A178081, investigations regarding its possible use as a laxative for the treatment of chronic constipation did not occur until the 1960s and its first clinical use for treating PSE was not until 1966.L6202

Nevertheless, although lactulose received formal FDA approval in 1977 and has since become a readily available generic and brand-name non-prescription medication listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines as one of the most effective and safe medicines employed in a health systemL6205, data regarding its optimal place in therapy is often ambiguous.L6202

Especially considering the use of lactulose as a laxative is typically only considered after lifestyle and dietary modifications fail and the fact that lactulose therapy cannot be ethically withheld from patients diagnosed with PSE in a placebo study, the substance may just be one of many options available for treating constipation and its efficacy in managing PSE may never be formally confirmed or refuted via clinical investigation.L6202

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 342.2965
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The data regarding the half-life of lactulose is not readily available or accessible.
Volume Distribusi Negligible amounts of lactulose - metabolized or non-metabolized - are absorbed into the body.[FDA Label,L6199,L6202]. Most lactulose that is administered subsequently remains predominantly around the gastrointestinal tract area.
Klirens (Clearance) Negligible amounts of lactulose - metabolized or non-metabolized - are absorbed into the body.[FDA Label,L6199,L6202]. Regardless, data regarding the clearance of lactulose is not readily available or accessible.

Absorpsi

After administration by the oral route, less than 3% of the given dose of lactulose solution is absorbed by the small intestine.L6199 The remaining unabsorbed lactulose reaches the large intestine where it is metabolized - but even then, negligible quantities of unchanged lactulose or its metabolites are absorbed across the colon.L6199,L6202

Metabolisme

Lactulose is essentially only metabolized in the colon by saccharolytic bacteria that are present there.FDA Label,L6199,L6202 In particular, the substance is broken down into lactic acid and small amounts of acetic and formic acid.FDA Label,L6199,L6202 Specific examples of bacteria that normally inhabit the large intestine that are capable of lactulose metabolism include Lactobacilli, Bacteroides, Escherichia coli, and Clostridia.L6199

Rute Eliminasi

The renal excretion of any lactulose that manages to be absorbed into the circulation has been determined to be 3% or less and is generally complete within 24 hours.FDA Label Any unabsorbed lactulose is largely excreted with stool.FDA Label,L6199,L6202

Interaksi Makanan

2 Data
  • 1. Drink plenty of fluids. This drug may cause fluid loss.
  • 2. Take with or without food.

Interaksi Obat

686 Data
L-Glutamine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with L-Glutamine.
Tramadol The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Tramadol.
Trospium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Trospium.
Oxyphenonium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Oxyphenonium.
Benzatropine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
Ziprasidone The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Ziprasidone.
Disopyramide The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Disopyramide.
Amitriptyline The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Amitriptyline.
Ipratropium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Ipratropium.
Olanzapine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine.
Metixene The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Metixene.
Terfenadine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Terfenadine.
Buclizine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Buclizine.
Clozapine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Clozapine.
Doxylamine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Doxylamine.
Trihexyphenidyl The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Trihexyphenidyl.
Oxyphencyclimine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Oxyphencyclimine.
Procyclidine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Procyclidine.
Profenamine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Profenamine.
Promazine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Promazine.
Hyoscyamine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Hyoscyamine.
Cyproheptadine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Cyproheptadine.
Imipramine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Imipramine.
Methscopolamine bromide The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Methscopolamine bromide.
Chlorpromazine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorpromazine.
Gallamine triethiodide The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Gallamine triethiodide.
Darifenacin The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Darifenacin.
Tridihexethyl The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Tridihexethyl.
Triflupromazine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Triflupromazine.
Anisotropine methylbromide The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Anisotropine methylbromide.
Nortriptyline The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Nortriptyline.
Amoxapine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Amoxapine.
Atropine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Atropine.
Nicardipine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Nicardipine.
Pirenzepine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Pirenzepine.
Paroxetine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Paroxetine.
Homatropine methylbromide The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Homatropine methylbromide.
Rocuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Rocuronium.
Scopolamine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Scopolamine.
Benzquinamide The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Benzquinamide.
Clidinium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Clidinium.
Propiomazine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Propiomazine.
Propantheline The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Propantheline.
Dicyclomine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Dicyclomine.
Biperiden The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Biperiden.
Brompheniramine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Brompheniramine.
Flupentixol The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Flupentixol.
Cocaine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Cocaine.
Quinidine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Quinidine.
Maprotiline The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Maprotiline.
Methantheline The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Methantheline.
Cycrimine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Cycrimine.
Glycopyrronium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Glycopyrronium.
Tolterodine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Tolterodine.
Oxybutynin The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Oxybutynin.
Promethazine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Promethazine.
Diphenhydramine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Diphenhydramine.
Doxacurium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Doxacurium.
Doxepin The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Doxepin.
Flavoxate The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Flavoxate.
Desipramine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Desipramine.
Orphenadrine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Orphenadrine.
Escitalopram The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Escitalopram.
Quetiapine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Quetiapine.
Mivacurium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Mivacurium.
Diphenidol The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Diphenidol.
Aripiprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Aripiprazole.
Chlorprothixene The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorprothixene.
Metocurine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Metocurine.
Pancuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Pancuronium.
Pipecuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Pipecuronium.
Methotrimeprazine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Methotrimeprazine.
Tiotropium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Tiotropium.
Solifenacin The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Solifenacin.
Isopropamide The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Isopropamide.
Rapacuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Rapacuronium.
Mepenzolate The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Mepenzolate.
Pizotifen The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Pizotifen.
Fesoterodine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Fesoterodine.
Hexocyclium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Hexocyclium.
Dimetindene The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Dimetindene.
Aclidinium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Dexetimide The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Dexetimide.
Benactyzine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Benactyzine.
Umeclidinium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Umeclidinium.
Trimebutine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Trimebutine.
Dosulepin The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Dosulepin.
Imidafenacin The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Imidafenacin.
Butylscopolamine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Butylscopolamine.
Thonzylamine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Thonzylamine.
Methscopolamine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Methscopolamine.
Revefenacin The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Revefenacin.
Oxitropium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Oxitropium.
Propiverine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Propiverine.
Batefenterol The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Batefenterol.
Mebeverine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Mebeverine.
Tropatepine The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Tropatepine.
Prifinium The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Prifinium.
Piperidolate The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Piperidolate.
Benzilone The therapeutic efficacy of Lactulose can be decreased when used in combination with Benzilone.

Target Protein

Evolved beta-galactosidase subunit alpha ebgA

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Renato Carobbi, Franco Innocenti, "Process for preparing high-purity lactulose syrup and the syrup obtained." U.S. Patent US4978397, issued April, 1961.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 12420112
    Schumann C: Medical, nutritional and technological properties of lactulose. An update. Eur J Nutr. 2002 Nov;41 Suppl 1:I17-25. doi: 10.1007/s00394-002-1103-6.
Textbook
  • Canadian Pharmacists Association (2019). Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties. Canadian Pharmacists Association.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 100 • International brands: 6
Produk
  • Cephulac Syr 667mg/ml
    Syrup • 667 mg / mL • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Chronulac Syr
    Syrup • 667 mg • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Chronulac Syr 667mg/ml
    Syrup • 667 mg / mL • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Comalose R Sirop 10gm/15ml
    Syrup • 10 g / 15 mL • Oral; Rectal • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Constulose
    Solution • 10 g/15mL • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Constulose
    Solution • 10 g/15mL • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Constulose
    Solution • 10 g/15mL • Oral • US • Generic • Approved
  • Duphalac
    Powder • 95 g / 100 g • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 100 produk.
International Brands
  • Bifiteral — Abbott
  • Cephulac
  • Cholac — Alra
  • Chronulac
  • Constilac — Alra
  • Laevolac — Roche

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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