Quinine is a documented causative agent of drug induced thrombocytopenia (DIT). Thrombocytopenia is a low amount of platelets in the blood. Quinine induces production of antibodies against glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex in the majority of cases of DIT, or more rarely, the platelet-glycoprotein complex GPIIb-IIIa. Increased antibodies against these complexes increases platelet clearance, leading to the observed thrombocytopenia.
An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.
Quinine (GLS-1200) was also investigated in clinical trials for its efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection (NCT04408183, terminated) and is planned to be evaluated for preventing sinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery (NCT04060316).
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Pegvisomant | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Pegvisomant is combined with Quinine. |
| Afatinib | The serum concentration of Afatinib can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Bosutinib | The serum concentration of Bosutinib can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Brentuximab vedotin | The serum concentration of Brentuximab vedotin can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Edoxaban | The serum concentration of Edoxaban can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Ledipasvir | The serum concentration of Ledipasvir can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Naloxegol | The serum concentration of Naloxegol can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Pazopanib | The serum concentration of Pazopanib can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Prucalopride | The serum concentration of Prucalopride can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Silodosin | The excretion of Silodosin can be decreased when combined with Quinine. |
| Topotecan | The serum concentration of Topotecan can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Aripiprazole | The metabolism of Aripiprazole can be increased when combined with Quinine. |
| Aripiprazole lauroxil | The metabolism of Aripiprazole lauroxil can be increased when combined with Quinine. |
| Cilostazol | The serum concentration of Cilostazol can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Deferasirox | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Deferasirox. |
| Peginterferon alfa-2b | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Peginterferon alfa-2b. |
| Leflunomide | The serum concentration of Quinine can be decreased when it is combined with Leflunomide. |
| Teriflunomide | The serum concentration of Quinine can be decreased when it is combined with Teriflunomide. |
| Buprenorphine | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine. |
| Doxylamine | Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Quinine. |
| Dronabinol | The serum concentration of Dronabinol can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Droperidol | Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Quinine. |
| Hydrocodone | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone. |
| Magnesium sulfate | The therapeutic efficacy of Quinine can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate. |
| Methotrimeprazine | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine. |
| Metyrosine | Quinine may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine. |
| Minocycline | Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Quinine. |
| Mirtazapine | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine. |
| Nabilone | Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Quinine. |
| Orphenadrine | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine. |
| Paraldehyde | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Pramipexole | Quinine may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole. |
| Ropinirole | Quinine may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole. |
| Rotigotine | Quinine may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine. |
| Rufinamide | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Quinine. |
| Sodium oxybate | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Sodium oxybate. |
| Suvorexant | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant. |
| Tapentadol | Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Quinine. |
| Thalidomide | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide. |
| Zolpidem | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem. |
| Dabrafenib | The serum concentration of Quinine can be decreased when it is combined with Dabrafenib. |
| Eliglustat | The metabolism of Eliglustat can be decreased when combined with Quinine. |
| Ibrutinib | The metabolism of Ibrutinib can be decreased when combined with Quinine. |
| Everolimus | The serum concentration of Everolimus can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Erythromycin | The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Erythromycin is combined with Quinine. |
| Azithromycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Azithromycin. |
| Sirolimus | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Sirolimus. |
| Dirithromycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Dirithromycin. |
| Telithromycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Telithromycin. |
| Candicidin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Candicidin. |
| Clarithromycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Clarithromycin. |
| Josamycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Josamycin. |
| Epothilone D | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Epothilone D. |
| Patupilone | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Patupilone. |
| 6-Deoxyerythronolide B | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with 6-Deoxyerythronolide B. |
| Ixabepilone | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Ixabepilone. |
| KOS-1584 | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with KOS-1584. |
| Ridaforolimus | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Ridaforolimus. |
| Temsirolimus | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Temsirolimus. |
| AVE9633 | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with AVE9633. |
| Coltuximab ravtansine | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Coltuximab ravtansine. |
| Cethromycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Cethromycin. |
| Mitemcinal | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Mitemcinal. |
| Brefeldin A | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Brefeldin A. |
| Solithromycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Solithromycin. |
| Kitasamycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Kitasamycin. |
| Carbomycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Carbomycin. |
| Doramectin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Doramectin. |
| Eprinomectin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Eprinomectin. |
| Oleandomycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Oleandomycin. |
| Selamectin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Selamectin. |
| Tildipirosin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Tildipirosin. |
| Tilmicosin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Tilmicosin. |
| Tylosin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Tylosin. |
| Tylvalosin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Tylvalosin. |
| Bryostatin 1 | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Bryostatin 1. |
| Lorvotuzumab mertansine | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Lorvotuzumab mertansine. |
| Epofolate | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Epofolate. |
| Sagopilone | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Sagopilone. |
| Troleandomycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Troleandomycin. |
| Miocamycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Miocamycin. |
| Flurithromycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Flurithromycin. |
| Rokitamycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Rokitamycin. |
| Midecamycin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Midecamycin. |
| Mepartricin | The serum concentration of Quinine can be increased when it is combined with Mepartricin. |
| Rifaximin | The serum concentration of Rifaximin can be increased when it is combined with Quinine. |
| Succinylcholine | The therapeutic efficacy of Succinylcholine can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Metocurine iodide | The therapeutic efficacy of Metocurine iodide can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Gallamine triethiodide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gallamine triethiodide can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Cisatracurium | The therapeutic efficacy of Cisatracurium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Rocuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Rocuronium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Atracurium besylate | The therapeutic efficacy of Atracurium besylate can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Doxacurium | The therapeutic efficacy of Doxacurium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Mivacurium | The therapeutic efficacy of Mivacurium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Decamethonium | The therapeutic efficacy of Decamethonium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Metocurine | The therapeutic efficacy of Metocurine can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Pancuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Pancuronium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Pipecuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Pipecuronium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Vecuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Vecuronium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |
| Rapacuronium | The therapeutic efficacy of Rapacuronium can be increased when used in combination with Quinine. |