Peringatan Keamanan

Oral, mouse: LD50 = 1500 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 2500 mg/kg. Toxic reactions including fatalities have occurred in the premature and newborn; the signs and symptoms associated with these reactions have been referred to as the gray syndrome. Symptoms include (in order of appearance) abdominal distension with or without emesis, progressive pallid cyanosis, vasomotor collapse frequently accompanied by irregular respiration, and death within a few hours of onset of these symptoms.

Chloramphenicol

DB00446

small molecule approved vet_approved withdrawn

Deskripsi

An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venezuelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)

The FDA has withdrawn all oral drug products containing chloramphenicol, due to the high risk of fatal aplastic anemia associated with this specific route of administration.L43942,L44022

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 323.129
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Half-life in adults with normal hepatic and renal function is 1.5 - 3.5 hours. In patients with impaired renal function half-life is 3 - 4 hours. In patients with severely impaired hepatic function half-life is 4.6 - 11.6 hours. Half-life in children 1 month to 16 years old is 3 - 6.5 hours, while half-life in infants 1 to 2 days old is 24 hours or longer and is highly variable, especially in low birth-weight infants.
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Rapidly and completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract following oral administration (bioavailability 80%). Well absorbed following intramuscular administration (bioavailability 70%). Intraocular and some systemic absorption also occurs after topical application to the eye.

Metabolisme

Hepatic, with 90% conjugated to inactive glucuronide.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take on an empty stomach.

Interaksi Obat

887 Data
Denosumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Denosumab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Etanercept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etanercept is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Peginterferon alfa-2a The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2a is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Interferon alfa-n1 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n1 is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Interferon alfa-n3 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n3 is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Peginterferon alfa-2b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2b is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Anakinra The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Anakinra is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Interferon gamma-1b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon gamma-1b is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Interferon alfa-2a The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2a is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Aldesleukin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Adalimumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Pegaspargase The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pegaspargase is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Infliximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Infliximab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Interferon beta-1b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon beta-1b is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Interferon alfacon-1 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfacon-1 is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Rituximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rituximab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Basiliximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Basiliximab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Muromonab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Muromonab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Ibritumomab tiuxetan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibritumomab tiuxetan is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Tositumomab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tositumomab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Alemtuzumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Alefacept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alefacept is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Efalizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efalizumab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Interferon alfa-2b The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2b is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Daclizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Daclizumab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Phenylalanine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenylalanine is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Flunisolide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Flunisolide is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Cladribine Chloramphenicol may increase the immunosuppressive activities of Cladribine.
Carmustine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carmustine is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Amsacrine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amsacrine is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Bleomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bleomycin is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Chlorambucil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorambucil is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Raltitrexed The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Raltitrexed is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Mitomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mitomycin is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Bexarotene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bexarotene is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Floxuridine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Floxuridine is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Indomethacin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indomethacin is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Tioguanine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tioguanine is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Dexrazoxane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexrazoxane is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Beclomethasone dipropionate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Beclomethasone dipropionate is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Streptozocin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Streptozocin is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Trifluridine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trifluridine is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Gemcitabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemcitabine is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Betamethasone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Betamethasone is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Epirubicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epirubicin is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Lenalidomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Lenalidomide.
Altretamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Altretamine.
Zidovudine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Zidovudine.
Cisplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Cisplatin.
Oxaliplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Oxaliplatin.
Fluorouracil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Fluorouracil.
Propylthiouracil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Propylthiouracil.
Pentostatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Pentostatin.
Fluticasone propionate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Fluticasone propionate.
Fluocinolone acetonide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Fluocinolone acetonide.
Linezolid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Linezolid.
Triamcinolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Triamcinolone.
Clofarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Clofarabine.
Prednisone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Prednisone.
Pemetrexed The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Pemetrexed.
Fludrocortisone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Fludrocortisone.
Mycophenolate mofetil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Mycophenolate mofetil.
Tretinoin The metabolism of Tretinoin can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol.
Methimazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Methimazole.
Sulfasalazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Sulfasalazine.
Dacarbazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Dacarbazine.
Temozolomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Temozolomide.
Penicillamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Penicillamine.
Prednisolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Prednisolone.
Mechlorethamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Mechlorethamine.
Azacitidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Azacitidine.
Carboplatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Carboplatin.
Methylprednisolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Methylprednisolone.
Dactinomycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Dactinomycin.
Azathioprine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Azathioprine.
Hydroxyurea The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Hydroxyurea.
Mycophenolic acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Mycophenolic acid.
Topotecan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Topotecan.
Mercaptopurine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Mercaptopurine.
Thalidomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Thalidomide.
Melphalan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Melphalan.
Fludarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Fludarabine.
Flucytosine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Flucytosine.
Capecitabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Capecitabine.
Procarbazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Procarbazine.
Arsenic trioxide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Arsenic trioxide.
Idarubicin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Idarubicin.
Estramustine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Estramustine.
Mitoxantrone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Mitoxantrone.
Lomustine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Lomustine.
Dexamethasone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Dexamethasone.
Eculizumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Eculizumab.
Decitabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Decitabine.
Nelarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Nelarabine.
Abatacept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Abatacept.
Corticotropin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Corticotropin.
Cortisone acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Cortisone acetate.
Paramethasone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Paramethasone.

Target Protein

50S ribosomal protein L16 rplP
Dr hemagglutinin structural subunit draA
Complement decay-accelerating factor CD55

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Guang-Zhong Wu, Wanda I. Tormos, "Asymmetric process for preparing florfenicol, thiamphenicol chloramphenicol and oxazoline intermediates." U.S. Patent US5352832, issued May, 1992.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 1398851
    Bhutta ZA, Niazi SK, Suria A: Chloramphenicol clearance in typhoid fever: implications for therapy. Indian J Pediatr. 1992 Mar-Apr;59(2):213-9.
  • PMID: 538813
    Wali SS, Macfarlane JT, Weir WR, Cleland PG, Ball PA, Hassan-King M, Whittle HC, Greenwood BM: Single injection treatment of meningococcal meningitis. 2. Long-acting chloramphenicol. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979;73(6):698-702.
  • PMID: 6464136
    Puddicombe JB, Wali SS, Greenwood BM: A field trial of a single intramuscular injection of long-acting chloramphenicol in the treatment of meningococcal meningitis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1984;78(3):399-403.
  • PMID: 1681224
    Pecoul B, Varaine F, Keita M, Soga G, Djibo A, Soula G, Abdou A, Etienne J, Rey M: Long-acting chloramphenicol versus intravenous ampicillin for treatment of bacterial meningitis. Lancet. 1991 Oct 5;338(8771):862-6.
  • PMID: 16039333
    Nathan N, Borel T, Djibo A, Evans D, Djibo S, Corty JF, Guillerm M, Alberti KP, Pinoges L, Guerin PJ, Legros D: Ceftriaxone as effective as long-acting chloramphenicol in short-course treatment of meningococcal meningitis during epidemics: a randomised non-inferiority study. Lancet. 2005 Jul 23-29;366(9482):308-13.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 32 • International brands: 10
Produk
  • Actinac Pwr
    Powder • - • Topical • Canada • Approved
  • Actinac Pws
    Powder, for solution • - • Topical • Canada • Approved
  • Cebenicol Oph Liq 0.4%
    Liquid • .4 % • Ophthalmic • Canada • Approved
  • Chloramphenicol
    Ointment • 1 % w/w • Ophthalmic; Topical • Canada • Approved
  • Chloramphenicol
    Solution • 0.5 % • Ophthalmic • Canada • Approved
  • Chloromycetin
    Ointment • 10 mg/1g • Ophthalmic • US • Approved
  • Chloromycetin Oph Ont 1%
    Ointment • 1 % • Ophthalmic • Canada • Approved
  • Chloromycetin Oph Soln 0.5%
    Liquid • .5 % • Ophthalmic • Canada • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 32 produk.
International Brands
  • Brochlor — Sanofi-Aventis
  • Chloramex — Actavis
  • Chlorocid — Egyt
  • Chlorocol
  • Chlorsig — Sigma
  • Fenicol — Alcon
  • Globenicol
  • Halomycetin — Wabosan
  • Oleomycetin
  • Sificetina — SIFI

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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